Roman Republic – Flashcards

A public place where people could meet and exchange goods and ideas.

A form of Roman government where wealthy romans elected leaders to make all government decisions.

The chief official elected by the Roman assembly each year who led the armies, served as judges, and acted for citizens of Rome. Each year 2 consuls are elected.

A ruler with complete authority and with absolute Roman power.

One division of Roman governing body that guided the consuls.

One group of Roman citizens with bloodline, descendents of Rome's earliest settlers, going to founding of Rome.

Non-Patrician. Any other Roman citizens including farmers, merchants, soldiers and craftworkers.

The elected official of the Plebeians assembly that was set up when they were outside of Rome.

Refuse to agree to

a) The Alps: separate the Italian Peninsula from the rest of Europe; b) The Apennines: Runs the length of the peninsula.

The Tiber River and the Po River.

The Major bodies of water: Adriatic Sea (East of Italy); Tyrrhenian Sea (West of Italy); Mediterranean Sea (South of Italy). The early people of Italy travel by ship (???)

Etruscans live land North of Rome, Perugia, Volsini. The Latins live in Rome The Phoenicians live in South coast line of Sardina, West of Sicily and Carthage. The Greek live in Naples, Southern Italy, coast of Sicily Etruscans governed Rome with a Monarchy

The representatives in representative democracy who are elected by the people will vote on policy on behalf of the people while in direct democracy, the people vote directly on policy.

Having two consuls meant that no one person would gain too much power. The Romans do not want a monarchy who dictates.

Pros for Direct Democracy: a) Represent people's voice. Everyone hears them. b) People own and control their government and law-making Cons for Direct Democracy: a) Not all people are competency to make the best decision. b) It is not very efficient to have everyone votes. Pros for Republic: a) More efficient and structured b) More experienced people pass the laws Cons for Republic: a) Not all people's voice are heard. b) There can be mis-communication between the representative and the people.

Patricians are the Roman citizens who have direct bloodline back to the founding of Rome while Plebeians are all other Roman citizens like farmers, merchants, soldiers and craftworkers.

A dictator can hold power for 6 months. One will be appointed when Rome was gravely threatened.

The Struggle of the Orders was the disagreement between Plebeians and Particians. This occurs in 494 B.C. Plebeians were angry at Patricians for unfair treatment of them. They rebelled and marched out of Rome and set up their own assembly and elected their tribunes.

The Twelve Tables were the recording of the Roman Laws on tablets. They were created because Plebeians protested about the Roman's unwritten laws. They do not know what the laws are. The Roman can go to Rome's forum or public square to read them.

Carthage was city-state in Northern Africa. Rome engaged in three wars because Rome and Carthage wanted to control the sea trade in the Western Mediterranean.

Hannibal Barca was a Carthage General who led the second Punic War. He used a "boxed-in" method. The soldiers of Carthage surprised the Romans with sudden and violent attacks. They fought so fiercely that they nearly defeat the Romans. Because Consul Varro fought with courage and honor. Romans destroyed the entire city of Carthage, sold many Carthaginians into Slavery. The Romans took over the land and divided them into provinces.

Augustus means "respected one" or "Holy one".

Mark Antony was a Roman General who led Caesar's armies into battle defeating the senate's army.

Battle of Actium occurred in 31 B.C. Octavian declared war against Antony and Cleopatra, Egyptian Queen. They met in a great sea battle near Actium in Greece. Octavian won and became the ruler of all Roman lands.

Princeps means the "First Citizen".

Pax Romana means Roman Peace Period. This lasted for more than 200 years.

Census is to take a count of a country's people. The census helped the government make sure that all people are paying their taxes.

The Roman roads always leads to Rome. The road enables the exchange of goods and ideas from all over the empire. The movement of ideas led to cultural borrowing among provinces. This also helps the movement of legions quickly among provinces.

Roman baths were important because these were places where people could relax, meet friends, or discuss business. Some of these locations have libraries, gardens, theaters and shops so Romans can read, enjoy plays, shop and play games.

Etruscan and Greek

Temples and Basilicas