Chapter 18 – AP Human Geography – Flashcards

The export of just a few agricultural or mining commodities.

Countries that receive raw materials from peripheral countries to process into manufactured goods.

Rich countries that have established economic and political systems and are a model and aspiration to developing countries.

The inequity between developed and developing countries, which can be viewed as a function of progress or intrinsic to a global economic structure that began with colonialism and persists today.

According to Jeffrey Sachs, a series of obstacles that cause economies to stagnate. Examples include poverty, lack of innovation, cultural barriers, and physical geography issues.

The inequity between those countries with good and growing access to the World Wide Web and the many countries where Internet use is quite low.

The expansion of and improvement to a country's economy, which can mean harvesting natural resources, increasing the welfare of poorer countries, or raising per capita incomes.

Identifies products that can be exported to the outside world, taking advantage of a country's specific advantages.

Rich countries that have established economic and political systems and are a model and aspiration to developing countries.

The bank, established by Professor Muhammad Yunus, that provides microloans to primarily women in developing countries, who are more likely to use the money for productive uses, despite no credit history.

A measure that incorporates indicators of health and education to provide a more comprehensive portrayal of the average welfare of a country's residents.

Used to shelter young domestic industries from foreign competition by providing them with a secure market.

An agency in the effort to promote development that represents a consortium of most of the world's countries. It acts as a credit union that provides monetary resources that can be used by all the countries in its network.

Impoverished countries that have frail or corrupt economic and political systems and that aspire to become developed countries.

Factors that affect the quality of life in a country, such as access to safe food and water, employment, and security.

A theory rooted in experience of western Europe and North America. It views these as models for the rest of the world to follow.

Rich countries that have established economic and political systems and are a model and aspiration to developing countries.

The sort of economic relationships that persist between the mother country and the former colony, even after independence.

Former European colonies that were used for acquiring precious metals and other valuable resources and sometimes for settlement.

Countries that export raw materials to core countries to process into manufactured goods.

A measure of per capita income that diminishes a little of the gross variation between countries and reveals development disparities.

Countries that contain aspects of both core and periphery.

Views the intervention of government as key to economic development.

A development model that does not lead to tremendous gains in income but is effective in improving the well-being of the population.

Impoverished countries that have frail or corrupt economic and political systems and that aspire to become developed countries.

Quick and effective industrialization in East Asia by a concentration on factory production, government integration with industry, and a reliance on exports.

Countries in the "bottom billion"; countries that have averaged periods of very small growth and periods of negative growth, no improvement from one generation to the next, and almost no foreign investment.

Important elements of Western culture, including rationalism, science as opposed to religion, and a strong work ethic.

An agency in the effort to promote development that represents a consortium of most of the world's countries. It exists primarily as a lending institution, making loans available to poorer countries and providing advice about the "correct" course of development.

Raising the living standards of the world's poorest countries and, so, reducing disparities between countries in the world.

The view that the economic system operates as a whole because the economy is global and events in one country have an effect on other countries.