Test Chapter 22 – Flashcards
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The cotton boom enriched planters as well as manufacturers and created
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created a high demand for slaves.
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In rural areas manufacture was carried out through cottage industries where
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merchants delivered raw materials to craftspeople and picked up the finished product.
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An example of the anormous quantities of iron produced and novel applications of it was the huge greenhouse made entirely of iron and glass,
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the Crystal Palace.
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New forms of energy were important for industrialization such as
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the steam engine and electricity.
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The most dramatic environmental change caused by the Industrial Revolution was
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the growth of urban populations.
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Iron production was transformed by Abraham Darby's discovery that
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coke could be used in place of charcoal in the smelting process.
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Charles Fourier and other opponents of capitalism advocated
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utopian socialism.
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The Factory Act of 1833
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prohibited textile mills from employing workers under the age of nine.
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Industrial work had an enormous impact on the family because
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work was now removed from the hame and family members were separated all day.
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When Britons spoke of "the dismal science," they referred to
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economics
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What does Adam Smith propose in The Wealth of Nations?
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the government should not interfere with business
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What does it mean to use a "division of labor" in manufacturing?
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Dividing work into specialized and repetitive tasks.
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The Industrial Revolution's real beneficiaries were the
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middle class
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Which of the following was not one of the ways in which workers resisted harsh treatment?
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Factory work provided families with
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insufficient earnings to make ends meet.
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The most revolutionary invention of the Industrial Revolution was James Watt's
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steam engine
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Thomas Malthus's explanation of workers' misfortunes was that
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population was outgrowing the food supply.
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Aware that Britain had a head start, other countries of Europe
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eliminated internal tariff barriers and opened technical schools.
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The most obvious change in rural life during the industrial revolution was
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the appearance of new roads, canals, and railroads.
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As a result of industrialization, the relationship between Western Europe and the non-Western world
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became based on Western dominance.
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What new crop became an important aspect of the Agricultural Revolution?
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the potato
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Oceangoing ships initially did not use steam power because
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they could not carry enough coal for a voyage.
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Which of the following is not true of urban poor neighborhoods?
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The role of middle-class women became management of the home, children, and servants, otherwise known as
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the "cult of domesticity."
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Women typically earned
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one third to one half as much as men.
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Prior to the Industrial Revolution, the population grew because of
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reliable food supplies and widespread resistance to disease.
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Indian textile workers lost their jobs.
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What invention revolutionized communication during the Industrial Revolution?
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The electric telegraph
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Among the new inventions developed to weave cotton textiles was/were
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the spinning jenny and the water frame.
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England began importing raw cotton because
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the English Parliament banned importation of cotton cloth.
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Factory work represented a complete transformation in the nature of agricultural work because
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To address the misery of the poor, French socialists proposed that workers form communities under the protection of business leaders, known as
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positivism
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Which of the following is not one of the factors that gave Britain a "head start" on the Industrial Revolution?
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it recovered from the Plague more quickly than the rest of Europe
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European industries such as iron, construction, and machinery were stimulated by
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first building a railroad network.
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The result of the 19th century population explosion in Europe was migration
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from the country to the city
