Proteins – Flashcards
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Define Amino Acids
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amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins.
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How do amino acids combine to from protein?
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They have a central carbon and then four different groups attached to it
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What is attached to the central carbon of an amino acid?
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An amine group, carboxyl group(which is an acid)-the name amino acid comes from these two groups- a hydrogen and an R group.
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What is an R group?
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It is the different R groups that confer the different properties to the amino acids. There are 20 different R groups, hence 20 different amino acids.
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What is the bond between amino acids?
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Peptide bond
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What is dipeptide?
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Two amino acids linked together
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What is a polypeptide?
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More than two amino acids linked together. A polypeptide is less than 50 amino acids linked together, if its any more than that it is normally called a protein.
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What is a proteins function determined by?
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Its shape
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Explain protein synthesis
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The codes for proteins are in DNA which is changed to mRNA through transcription and then is translated into a protein.
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Explain the primary structure of proteins
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The sequence of amino acids
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Explain the secondary structure of proteins
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- The sequence of polypeptide chains is either a Beta sheet or an alfa helix
- This is driven by hydrogen bonds between amino acids
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Explain the tertiary structure of proteins
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This is the overall shape of the protein Globular and fibrous protein this is driven by sulfur bonds
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Explain the quaternary structure of proteins
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How a group of proteins work together as in a globular protein with a fibrous protein.
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What are fibrous proteins?
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Fibrous proteins are much stronger and tougher. As the name implies, these proteins are more like ropes or cables. Fibrous proteins give the body structural support and help it resist mechanical stress.
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What are globular proteins?
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Globular means globe-like. Globular proteins are quite fragile and can be inactivated (denatured) by things like heat organic solvents or strong ionic solutions.
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How are globular and fibrous proteins different?
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Globular is more round in shape, and more fragile. Fibrous proteins are tough and provide support for our body.
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Peptide bonds are an example of what type of bonding?
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Covalent
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What characteristics do enzymes have?
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They control the rate of most chemical reactions in the body. They are sensitive to temperature and pH. They can be reused after a reaction has taken place. They are activated when a reactant binds to the enzyme's active site. They may require a cofactor.
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The building blocks of proteins are _______.
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amino acids.
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What are the two secondary structures of a protein?
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helix and pleated sheet
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Which part of the amino acid structure gives the protein its shape?
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The bonds between the "R" group
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What are the functions of proteins?
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To catalyze metabolic reactions, give structural strength to cells and tissues, produce muscular and other forms of movement, regulate transport of solutes into and out of cells, Protection with the antibodies of the autoimmune system. Receptors, responded to chemical messages. Regulates with chemical messengers.
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Describe the quaternary structure of a protein.
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The interaction of the subunits of the protein.
