sociology final review – Flashcards
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Bestowing status on students by awarding them a diploma after they have successfully completed all graduation requirements can be considered a ...
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manifest function of education.
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Critics of homeschooling suggest that homeschooled children are...
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isolated from the larger community and lose an important chance to improve their socialization skills.
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In the US, schoolchildren are taught not to speak until the teacher calls on them and to regulate their activities according to clocks and bells. This learning experience illustrates ...
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the hidden curriculum.
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In schools in the US, bilingual education has been defended on the grounds that it...
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is a means to encourage cultural diversity
assists in the cultural integration of immigrant groups
assists in the political integration of immigrant groups.
All of the above;
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Numerous sociological studies have revealed that additional years of formal schooling are associated with which of the following?
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openness to new ideas.
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Federal Title IX policies required schools to
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Offer- sex segregated classes
Offer preference to females over males for financial aid
Give girls more opportunities to play sports
ALL OF THE ABOVE
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Which of the following illustrates a current trend in higher education
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White participation fell from 44-28% between 1978-2008
More women than men are participating in higher education.
Equal gains are being made by Latino African American groups in educational attainment.
ALL OF THE ABOVE
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Teaching students to be on time, to respect authority, and to follow directions can be considered a ...
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latent function of education
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An increase in the lowest level of education required to enter a field is referred to as ...
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credentialism
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Critics of bilingualism in schools in the US argue that
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bilingualism undermines the social and political integration that education has traditionally promoted.
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Which sociological perspective is most critical of the differential way in which education bestows status?
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conflict perspective
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Which of the following statements is true regarding families who homeschool their children?
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Most homeschooled students perform better on standardized tests.
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The hidden curriculum refers to
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the standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools.
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what is tracking?
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the practice of placing students in specific curriculum groups on the basis of test scores and other criteria.
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Research in the US and other countries has consistently shown that people in the lower classes have
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both higher rates of mortality and disability and lower rates of cancer and heart disease.
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which of the following most specifically describes that significant rise in the earth's surface temp as a result of industrial gases?
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Global warming
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An individual determines whether or not he or she is healthy based on
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objective and agreed-upon criteria established by the medical community.
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Which of the following is characteristic of a society with a stable population growth?
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A low median age, somewhere in the mid-30s
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According to Marx, what was the main cause of society's social life?
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Capitalism
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In examining health, illness, and medicine as a social institution, which sociological perspective generally focuses on micro-level study of the roles played by health care professionals and parents?
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Interactionist perspective
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The infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of infants under 1 year old per _____ live births in a given year.
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1,000
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Which of the following influences fertility rates?
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Age of entry into sexual unions
Use of contraception
Religious values
ALL OF THE ABOVE
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The medicalization of society refers to the ...
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Growing role of medicine as a major institution of social control
Dominance of hospitals by boards of directors with medical backgrounds
Election of medical specialists to high offices in gov.
ALL OF THE ABOVE
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Out of the following nations, which has the highest infant mortality rate?
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US
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A nation's level of nutrition, its acceptance of immunization and sanitation, and its general commitment to health care and education are major factors in its...
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mortality rate
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The DSM
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is used to determine coverage for many mental health services.
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The industrialized nations of North America and Europe account for only 12% of the world's population but are responsible for what percentage of the world's consumption?
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60%
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The primary mechanism of collecting population information is
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the census
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Currently, which of the following accounts for more than half of the population growth in the US?
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Legal immigration
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Just as police and judges can define certain people as criminal, so can health care professionals define who is "sick," this power is described by ...
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the sick role
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which of the following is true of public perceptions about mental illness in the US since 1950?
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The general public has become more open to disclosure, recognition, and response to mental health problems.
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Which of the following is true about the health care Latinos?
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Latinos are more likely to seek treatment in clinics and ER's.
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Which of the following is true regarding Islam?
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Muslims vary sharply in the interpretations of tradition.
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A table, an incense stick, and candelabra can all be considered
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Both sacred and profane items.
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Facing east toward Mecca while saying one's morning prayers is a characteristic of the Muslim religion. This behavior is an example of a religious ....
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Ritual
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The U.S. gov. maintains a policy of "separation of church and state." The relationship between the church and the gov. in the US illustrates.
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secularization
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The concept of the sacred encompasses...
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elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, or fear.
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A sect is a
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relatively small religious group that has broken away from some other religious organization to renew what it views as the original vision of the faith.
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secularization is the
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process through which religion's influence on other social institutions diminishes.
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according to emile Durkheim, religion is...
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a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things.
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Emphasis on the doctrinal conformity and literal interpretation of religious texts is known as
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fundamentalism
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Practices required or expected of members of a faith are known as
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religious rituals
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Which is the important text for followers of Islam
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Torah
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Religious loyalties that contribute to tension and even conflict between groups or nations that can be considered
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dysfunctions of religion.
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Members of a particular religious group think that God meant for people to be "fruitful and multiply," so they permit men to have several wives at one time. This is an example of a religious
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belief.
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Which sociological perspective argues that to whatever extent religion actually does influence social behavior, it reinforces existing patterns of dominance and inequality?
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Conflict perspective.
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The feeling of exaltation that a person has when hearing it choir sing is characterized as a religious
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experience
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which is the single largest faith in the world
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Christianity
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Statements to which members of a particular religion adhere are known as religious...
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beliefs
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The ordinary and commonplace events of life are classified as
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profane
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which sociological perspective emphasizes the integrative power of religion in human society?
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functionalist perspective
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The expectation that a woman will be nurturing is an example of ...
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a gender role
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Which amendment gave women the right to vote in national elections?
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Nineteenth Amendment
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Women earn what percent of every dollar a man earns?
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80 percent
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In what year did the supreme court rule in favor of allowing women the right to terminate a pregnancy?
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1973
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For every one state at home dad there are _______ stay at home moms.
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38
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The ideology that one sex is superior to the other is known as ....
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sexism
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Conflict theorists view gender differences as...
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A reflection of the subjugation of one group, such as women, by another group such as men.
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Which of the following illustrates Arlie Hochschild's concept of the "second shift"?
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a woman has a career as stockbroker, and she is also responsible for maintaining the apartment, doing the shopping, and cooking for herself and her husband.
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Fear of and prejudice against homosexuality is called
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homophobia.
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Which supreme court decision granted women the right to terminate pregnancies
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Roe v. Wade
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Although it doesn't explicitly endorse traditional gender roles, which sociological perspective implies that dividing tasks between spouses is beneficial for the family unit?
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Functionalist perspective.
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Which of the following would be an example of men traditionally, "doing masculinity"?
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opening a door for a female.
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Which of the following would be an example of a man, "redoing" traditional gender?
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Organizing a birthday lunch at work.
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The "second shift," which refers to the double burden borne by many women-- work outside the home followed by child care and housework -- was the subject of analysis by ...
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Arlie Hochschild
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Arlie Hochchild concluded women work how much more time in a year compared to men, due to the notion of the second shift?
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extra month of 24 hr days.
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Functionalist view gender roles in which of the following ways?
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gender roles are necessary to keep the family in balance.
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What year did women win the right to vote
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1920
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What percentages of adult women in the US were in the labor force as of 2011
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around 85 %
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The belief in social, economic, and political equality for women is referred to as ...
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feminism
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Women do the majority of housework in which of the following?
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All countries
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Mexican-Americans and other groups assimilate into the dominant culture of the US their family lives...
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take on both the positive and negative aspects associated with White households.
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The feminization of poverty refers to the disproportionate representation of ...
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female headed households among the poor.
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In the US, endogamous rules stressed by many groups include marriage within
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one's own racial, ethnic, and religious group
one's own family group
one's own sexual group
ALL THE ABOVE
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A married couple, their children, and other relatives-- such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles-- living together in the same household constitute a ....
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extended family
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Males are expected to dominate family decision making in a ...
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patriarchy
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the process that allos for the transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents is referred to as ...
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adoption
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Which sociological perspective notes the ways in which the family gratifies the needs its members and contributes to the stability of society?
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functionalist perspective.
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Feminists suggest that laws in the US traditionally viewed wives and children as the property of the husband. This view reflects the concerns of which sociological perspective.
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conflict perspective.
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What is likely the most important factor in the increase in divorce over the past hundred years
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increase in the social acceptance of divorce
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The requirement that individuals select mates from outside certain groups is known as ...
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exogamy
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A matriarchy is a society in which
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women hold greater authority than men.
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Monogamy refers to a form of marriage in which ...
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one woman and one man are married only to each other.
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Which of the following statements regarding current American Psychiatric Association guidelines relating to homosexuality is accurate?
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They list homosexuality as a personality disorder.
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A couple that lives together and is together romantically but doesn't get married. This is an example of...
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cohabitation.
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In some societies, a man will marry a woman and her sisters. THis is an example of
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polygyny
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which of the following percentages reflects the proportion of married women in the US who were in the labor force in 2010?
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56 percent.
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Machismo refers to...
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a sense of virility, a personal worth, and pride in one's maleness.
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a Colombian woman and an Italian man, working together as members of a construction crew, overcome their initial prejudices and come to appreciate each other's talents and strengths. this is an ex, of
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contact hypothesis.
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A minority group is a group...
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that members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group
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a person proclaims loudly that "all black people are lazy and shiftless and collect welfare," this is an example of...
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a stereotype.
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a stereotype is a
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unreliable generalization about all members of a group that doesn't recognize individual differences within the group
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An ethnic group is a group that...
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social category of people who share a common culture, national origin or history and ethnic identity.
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an invisible barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified individual in a work environment because of the individual's gender, race, or ethnicity is known as the ...
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glass ceiling.
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At one time, many purto Ricans were effectively barred from serving in the Chicago polica department because they failed to meet the heigh requirement. This was an ex. of ...
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institutional discrimination.
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Ethnocentrism refers to
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the tendancy to assume that ones own culture and way of life is superior to an others.
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Genocide refers to the process of ....
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deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation.
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German Americans, Italian Americans, and Norwegian Americans are all examples of ...
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ethnic group
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Institutional discrimination is...
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the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that results from the normal operations of society.
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Prejudice is a ___________; discrimination is a ___________.
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attitude; behavior
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Racism is defined as...
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a belief that one race is superior to anothers.
