Biology Semester Test Chapter 9 – Flashcards
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What is the main reason organisms need food?
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To get energy
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What is the term used to define the amount of energy that is needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius?
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A calorie
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Cellular respiration involves all of the following stages except
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the Calvin cycle
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Which of the following is needed for the process of cellular respiration so that homeostasis can be maintained within the cell?
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Oxygen
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What are the reactants in the process of cellular respiration?
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Carbohydrates and oxygen
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Which stage of cellular respiration is anaerobic?
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Glycolysis
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What are the products of glycolysis?
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ATP, NADH, and pyruvic acid
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Molecules that carry electrons include all of the following except
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ATP.
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What molecule is broken down into carbon dioxide during the Krebs cycle?
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Pyruvic acid
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The products of the Krebs cycle include all of the following except
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water.
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The electron transport chain uses high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to synthesize
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ATP from ADP.
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What is the effect of charge differences that build up across the inner mitochondrial membrane during cellular respiration?
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H+ ions continue to build, causing the membrane to burst and sending an influx of H+ ions across the membrane.
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How many ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose during the cellular respiration processes of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain?
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36
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A furnace is capable of burning oil, gas, or wood. What characteristic allows the cell to act like a furnace?
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the cell can generate chemical energy in the form of ATP from almost any source.
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For which basic life process do living organisms use the ATP generated during cellular respiration?
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Reproduction
Development
Growth
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What are the two main types of fermentation?
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Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
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The products of alcoholic fermentation are _________+ _________ + _________. The products of lactic acid fermentation are _________ + _________.
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Alcohol + carbon dioxide + NAD+; lactic acid + NAD+
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What are runners replacing when they breathe heavily after a quick sprint?
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Oxygen
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How does a person's body continue to generate ATP when running a long-distance race?
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Cellular respiration
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How is citric acid, a 6-carbon compound, produced in the Krebs cycle?
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Pyruvic acid is broken down, forming an acetyl group that contributes 2 carbons which join with a 4-carbon compound to make citric acid.
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During respiration, the electron transport chain in mitochondria takes place
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within the inner membrane itself.
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When oxygen is present, the correct sequence in the stages of cellular respiration is
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glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain.
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What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
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Carbon dioxide and water
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What are the products of photosynthesis?
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Sugar and Oxygen
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6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
The formula represents the process of cellular respiration. Which statement is true about this reaction?
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The reaction produces the same number of hydrogen atoms as it uses.
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How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related, in terms of energy transformation?
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The energy transformed by photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration.
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Which statement best describes the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
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The products of photosynthesis are the reactants for cellular respiration.
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What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
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Oxygen + Glucose
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What are the products of cellular respiration?
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Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
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Glucose and oxygen are the _____ of photosynthesis.
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Products
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All of the following steps are part of both photosynthesis and cellular respiration except
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glycolysis
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Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
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The products of each process provide the reactants needed for the other.
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Why are photosynthetic plants the start of food chains?
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A product of photosynthesis is glucose, which is fuel for animals.
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Plants and other producers form the base of food webs. The reactions of photosynthesis transforms sunlight energy into chemical energy in the chloroplasts of these producers. According to the diagram, what are the final products of these reactions?
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O2 and Glucose
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You are planning an experiment to study cellular respiration. Your lab equipment includes a controlled rodent cage, a rodent exercise wheel, and a live mouse. The cage can be set to measure breathing rate, gas concentration levels, and the mass of any equipment within the cage.
Which action will best indicate the effect of exercise on the rate of cellular respiration?
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Measure the amount of carbon dioxide in the cage before and after exercise.
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Cyanide is a toxic compound that interferes with the release of energy from food. It does so by interrupting the electron transport chain of cellular respiration.
Which of the following describes the cellular process by which cyanide works?
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It stops the passage of electrons across the mitochondrial membrane.
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The table shown was made to compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
In which rows does the table contain errors?
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Rows 3 and 5
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Cellular respiration is a process in which sugar molecules are broken down and the energy in the chemical bonds is released.
In what way does cellular respiration depend on photosynthesis?
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Photosynthesis is the source of the compounds that cellular respiration breaks down.
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Cellular respiration is a process that releases energy by breaking down molecules of glucose. What is the original source of this energy?
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Light energy that was converted to chemical energy during photosynthesis.
