BioPsych Unit Two/Three – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Cerebral cortex
answer
constitutes a higher percenetage of the brain in primates than in other species of comparable sizes
question
Superior colliculus is to ______ as inferior colliculus is to ________
answer
vision; hearing
question
antagonist
answer
A drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter
question
agonist
answer
a drug that mimics or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter
question
temporal summation
answer
a certain weak stimulus produces no reflexive response, but a rapid repetition of that stimulus may produce such a response.
question
main advantage of a neuron releasing more than one neurotransmitter
answer
it can send more complex messages
question
properties of synapses were first inferred through
answer
behavioral observations
question
catecholamines
answer
dopamine and norepinephrine
question
What provides the building blocks for synthesizing all neurotransmitters
answer
substances found in the diet
question
reuptake is an alternative to which other process?
answer
enzymatic breakdown of neurotransmitters
question
Damage to which hindbrain structure would be most life-threatening
answer
medulla
question
sequence of chemical events at the synapse is
answer
synthesis, transport, release, reuptake
question
Binding depends on
answer
synchronized activity in different brain areas
question
Synapses
answer
specialized junctions between neurons
question
Damage to the thalamus would result in
answer
loss of sensory input to the cortex
question
fight or flight activities:
answer
sympathetic nervous system
question
Most habit-forming drugs activate which type of synapse
answer
dopamine
question
Otto Loewi
answer
transmission at synapses is a chemical event
question
limbic system is important for
answer
emotional behaviors
question
Ionotropic vs Metabotropic receptors
answer
Ionotropic receptors are fast-acting and localized. Alternatively, metabotropic receptors are slower, longer lasting, and more diffuse. When a neurotransmitter attaches to ionotropic receptors, it opens a ligand-gated channel and effects begin quickly (but don't last very long!). Because they are fast acting, the ionotropic effect is most active with vision and hearing. On the other hand, neurotransmitters will attach to a metabotropic receptors and in turn, release a G-protein. This G-protein activates a second messenger and initiates a sequence of metabolic reactions (long lasting). The metabotropic effect is most active with taste, smell, pain, emotion, and pleasure.
question
Do larger brains yield broader intelligence?
answer
When you compare brains and intelligence across species you must consider that all mammalian brains differ in size, but have the same organization. Additionally, Dr. Keanu is not considering the Brain to body ratio of these species. Elephants might have much larger brains than chimpanzees, but they also have much more massive bodily structures so both need to be considered. Also, some species, like Elephants, have larger neurons than others, so brain size is not an accurate indicator of the number of neurons in one brain.
question
MAjor basal ganglia include
answer
globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, putamen-involved in cognitive functions
question
Sympathetic nervous system
answer
fight or flight; increases heart rate, breathing, etc, norepinephrine
question
parasympathetic nervous system
answer
facilitates rest, vegetative and non emergency functions; decreases heart rate, increases digestion, helps sleep and conserves energy
question
Frontal lobe
answer
primary motor cortex/ prefrontal cortex (planning and decision making)
question
Parietal lobe
answer
primary somatosensory cortex, how to operate tools
question
temporal lobe
answer
primary auditory cortex; high-level vision/medial temporal
question
occipital lobe
answer
vision, primary visual cortex
