Biology Ch. 17 – Flashcards

What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA? A. RNA processing B. gene expression C. polypeptide formation D. transcription E. translation

What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein? A. RNA processing B. gene expression C. polypeptide formation D. transcription E. translation

What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA? A. RNA processing B. gene expression C. polypeptide formation D. transcription E. translation

Polypeptides are assembled from _____. A. hexoses B. glycerol C. nucleotides D. proteins E. amino acids

RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____. A. a protein B. DNA C. a eukaryotic cell D. mRNA E. a polypeptide

The flow of information in a cell proceeds in what sequence? A. from DNA to protein to RNA B. from protein to RNA to DNA C. from RNA to protein to DNA D. from RNA to DNA to protein E. from DNA to RNA to protein

A codon consists of _____ bases and specifies which _____ will be inserted into the polypeptide chain. A. four ... fatty acid B. two ... nucleotide C. three ... amino acid D. three ... nucleotide E. four ... amino acid

Which of these correctly illustrates the pairing of DNA and RNA nucleotides? A. GTTACG CAATCG B. GTTACG CAAUGC C. GTTACG GTTACG D. GTTACG ACCGTA E. GTTACG UAACAU

The direction of synthesis of an RNA transcript is _____. A. 1' —> 5' B. 5' —> 3' C. 1' —> 3' D. 3' —> 5' E. 2' —> 4'

Where does RNA polymerase begin transcribing a gene into mRNA? A. It looks for the AUG start codon. B. The ribosome directs it to the correct portion of the DNA molecule. C. Transfer RNA acts to translate the message to RNA polymerase. D. It starts after a certain nucleotide sequence called a promoter. E. It starts at one end of the chromosome.

What is the function of RNA polymerase? A. It proceeds slowly along the DNA strand, requiring about a minute to add two nucleotides to the growing mRNA molecule. B. It unwinds the double helix and adds nucleotides to a growing strand of RNA. C. It adds nucleotides to the 5' end of the growing mRNA molecule. D. It relies on other enzymes to unwind the double helix. E. All of the above.

During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 5' end of the RNA. A. 3' untranslated region B. a long string of adenine nucleotides C. 5' untranslated region D. coding segment E. modified guanine nucleotide

During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 3' end of the RNA. A. 3' untranslated region B. a long string of adenine nucleotides C. 5' untranslated region D. coding segment E. modified guanine nucleotide

Spliceosomes are composed of _____. A. snRNPs and other proteins B. polymerases and ligases C. introns and exons D. the RNA transcript and protein E. snRNPs and snurps

The RNA segments joined to one another by spliceosomes are _____. A. caps B. exons C. snRNPs D. tails E. introns

Translation occurs in the _____. A. cytoplasm B. lysosome C. nucleus D. Golgi apparatus E. nucleoplasm

After an RNA molecule is transcribed from a eukaryotic gene, what are removed and what are spliced together to produce an mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence? A. introns ... exons B. operators ... promoters C. silencers ... enhancers D. promoters ... operators E. exons ... introns

What is a ribozyme? A. a biological catalyst consisting of DNA B. an enzyme that holds open the DNA double helix while RNA polymerase adds nucleotides C. a DNA sequence near the promoter that assists in the binding of RNA polymerase D. a mutated ribosome E. a biological catalyst made of RNA

How is translation initiated? A. The small ribosomal subunit binds to the mRNA. B. The tRNA bearing methionine binds to the start codon. C. The large ribosomal subunit binds to the small one. D. The start codon signals the start of translation. E. All of the above.

Which one of the following is true of tRNAs? A. There are four types of tRNA. B. tRNAs carry special sequences known as codons. C. tRNAs are double-stranded. D. Each tRNA binds a particular codon. E. All of the above. F. None of the above.

What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to tRNA? A. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase B. rubisco C. dextrinase D. argininosuccinate lyase E. nuclease

The tRNA anticodon, GAC, is complementary to the mRNA codon with the sequence _____. A. CAG B. CTG C. GAC D. CUG E. TCG

The initiator tRNA attaches at the ribosome's _____ site. A. A B. translocation C. E D. P E. Q

Where does translation take place? A. Endoplasmic reticulum B. Nucleus C. Ribosome D. Golgi apparatus

Which nucleic acid is translated to make a protein? A. DNA B. rRNA C. tRNA D. mRNA

Which of the following processes is an example of a post-translational modification? A. Initiation B. Phosphorylation C. Elongation D. Peptide bond formation

Which of the following steps occurs last in the initiation phase of translation? A. The small subunit of the ribosome binds to the 5' cap on the mRNA. B. The large ribosomal subunit joins the complex. C. A peptide bond is formed between two adjacent amino acids. D. An aminoacyl tRNA binds to the start codon

At which site do new aminoacyl tRNAs enter the ribosome during elongation? A. B-site B. P-site C. A-site D. E-site

What is meant by translocation? A. The two ribosomal subunits are joined in a complex. B. The polypeptide chain grows by one amino acid. C. The completed polypeptide is released from the ribosome. D. The ribosome slides one codon down the mRNA.

True or false. A tRNA with an anticodon complementary to the stop codon catalyzes the reaction by which translation is terminated. A. True B. False

What does a mutagen cause? A. a change in the sequence of DNA B. decreased enzyme activity throughout the cell C. decreased permeability of the nuclear envelope D. problems with mitosis E. a reduction in the number of tRNA molecules available for protein synthesis

True or false? A codon is a group of three bases that can specify more than one amino acid. A. True B. False

Which of the following statements about mutations is false? A. A knock-out mutation results in a total absence of the mutated protein. B. A deletion mutation results in the loss of a base in the DNA sequence. C. Addition and deletion mutations disrupt the primary structure of proteins. D. An addition mutation results in an added base in the DNA sequence.

If a DNA sequence is altered from TAGCTGA to TAGTGA, what kind of mutation has occurred? A. None. B. Deletion. C. Addition. D. Both addition and deletion.

Which mutation(s) would not change the remainder of the reading frame of a gene sequence that follows the mutation(s)? A. One addition and two deletion mutations. B. One deletion mutation. C. One addition mutation. D. One addition and one deletion mutation.

If the sequence ATGCATGTCAATTGA were mutated such that a base were inserted after the first G and the third T were deleted, how many amino acids would be changed in the mutant protein? A. One. B. Three. C. None. D. Two.

If a mutated DNA sequence produces a protein that differs in one central amino acid from the normal protein, which of the following kinds of mutations could have occurred? A. A deletion mutation. B. An addition mutation C. An addition mutation and a deletion mutation. D. None.

Which of these is currently considered the best definition of a gene? A. A gene codes for a single polypeptide. B. A gene codes for a single protein. C. A gene codes for a particular ribozyme. D. A gene codes for either a polypeptide or an RNA molecule. E. A gene codes for a single enzyme.