AP Human Geography Unit 5 – Flashcards

the deliberate modification of Earth's surface through the cultivation of plants or rearing of animals for food or sale

adapting a plant or animal for human use

areas where different plants or animals were domesticated at about the same time during the first agricultural revolution

time 12000 years ago when several different areas began domesticating animals or plants for agricultural use at about the same time

crescent shaped area in the middle east where people first began farming and building empires

time during colonization when domesticated crops and animals, but also diseases, were traded between Europe and the Americas, sometimes unintentionally

method of farming used on hilly or mountainous terrain where steps are carved into steep land to provide a flat area for farming and irrigation

technique for farming where water is moved over long distances to where it is needed on a farm

clearing an area of trees and undergrowth to create a clear area of land, often for farming

draining water from a wetland to clear an area for farming; may have negative affects on the environment

time during the industrial revolution in the 17th and 18th centuries when MDCs began using tools and machines for farming

also called the green revolution, a time in the 1950s and 60s when people began using chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides and spreading them to LDCs

genetically modified seeds that survive longer and yield more produce

farming using chemical fertilizers, pesticides, or herbicides

farming using machines like tractors

chemical that kills bugs harmful to plants that may cause environmental problems

chemicals made to kill weeds (but can kill everything else as well) that may cause environmental problems

substance that can be used to help plants grow faster and keep healthy

areas that have similar climate and biological makeup of plants and animals

mild and constant climate thought to be ideal for most crops to grow in

type of agriculture that relies on animals rather than crops where a group wanders its territory with a herd that represents the group's power and prestige but still eats grain usually farmed by the women and children

method of farming where farmer clears a field using the slash and burn technique that he uses for about 3 years before letting the depleted soil rest for 6-20 years and moving to a new field

farming for food

farming for sales

using a little bit of land for a crop that requires more individual care

using a lot of land for a crop that requires little care

the growing of flowers, fruits, or vegetables on a small, local scale for sale

a type of agriculture where both plants and animals are grown for their produce and often the leftover plants are used to feed the animals, who in turn produce dung that is used as fertilizer for the plants

using hired workers to grow plants for sale

the rearing and moving of animals from place to place in order to feed

the movement of animals between grazing grounds in seasonal cycles in pastoral nomadism

rearing of livestock for produce

system used in MDCs where agriculture has close ties and contracts with other businesses

link of products from growth to processing to manufacturing to sale

a settlement that is arranged in a roughly concentric shape around a central point

a settlement that has no specific arrangement and has a large amount of space between houses

a settlement arranged around a central linear object that goes through it, like a river or a road

a circular model created by Johann Heinrich von Thunen in the early 1800s arranged in concentric rings containing different agricultural activities of varying distance from the market or city, with the first being perishables like dairy, fruits, and vegetables, the 2nd being lumber, the third being grain farming, and the fourth being livestock grazing grounds

farming one crop a lot for sale

the depletion of soil that leads to infertility

research of ways to make agricultural organisms yield more produce

also called GMOs, organisms that are modified to yield a higher produce first used in the green revolution

farming without using chemicals harmful to the environment

raising aquatic organisms in a controlled environment for sale

practices that promote limited or net neutral effects on the environment

the depletion of soil, often from improper use of chemicals, that may lead to desertification

growing a wide variety of plants instead of specializing in one in order to let the soil recover

when a piece of land is subject to intensive grazing for a prolonged period of time and the soil is stripped of its neutrients

a decrease of water supply in lakes or aquifers due to intensive use of water, often in commercial farming

crops that have another item added to them that increases the value and price (may be intangible)

system where producers get fair prices on their produce

increase in demand for locally grown foods due to a resulting sense of community