Biology Quizzes Lectures 25-29 – Flashcards

All of the following characterize the Calorie (Cal) except: It equals 1,000 calories. It is also known as the kilocalorie (kcal). It can be written "calorie." It is the standard unit of energy used by nutritionists. It equals 1,000 times the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C at standard atmospheric pressure.

All of the following statements about energy storage in animals are correct except: Carbohydrates are stored as glycogen in muscle and liver cells. The total glycogen store would cover basal energy requirements for about one day. Proteins are not used as energy storage compounds. Energy can be stored more compactly as glycogen than fat. As a last resort, body protein can be metabolized after glycogen and fat.

All of the following statements characterize overnutrition except: It occurs when food consumption consistently exceeds energy requirements. Fat reserves build up before glycogen stores. It is associated with high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart attacks in humans. It occurs seasonally in animals that hibernate. Extra carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are eventually converted to body fat.

Carbon compounds that an animal needs for its growth and metabolism, but does not make for itself, are called micronutrients. macronutrients. vitamins. mineral nutrients. organonutrients.

If a person does not produce adequate bile salts, they will likely not convert starch to maltose efficiently. not break large lipid droplets into micelles. revert to autotrophy. lose most of the submucosal layer in their intestines. have an infected appendix.

Which of the following about the movement of water into and out of the tubules of animal excretory systems is false? Water moves down a pressure gradient during filtration. Water moves up a solute concentration gradient. Reabsorption of water returns water to the extracellular fluid. In some parts of tubules, water moves by active transport. Osmosis is the movement of water in response to differences in solute concentration.

Imagine you are working as a consultant for a pharmaceutical company with the goal of developing a new weight-loss drug. Your goal is to trigger a sense of fullness or satiety. To do this you could mimic the activity of gastrin. ghrelin. secretin. cholecystokinin. leptin.

If a cow were given a broad spectrum of antibiotics for an infection, digestion of which of the following nutrients would be most affected? Glucose Proteins Fatty acids Cellulose Nucleic acids

Which of the following does not characterize ammonia? Highly toxic Diffuses rapidly in water Must be excreted continuously or converted into another nitrogenous waste Highly soluble in water Actively transported across gill membranes

The excretory systems of flatworms and earthworms are similar in that both have ciliated flame cells. have segmentally arranged excretory systems. filter coelomic fluid. employ pressure differences to filter extracellular fluid. have filtration slits through which extracellular fluid enters the excretory system.

A urinalysis assesses the physical and chemical properties of urine. If such an analysis in a patient revealed abnormally high levels of protein in the urine, which part of the nephrons and their associated blood vessels might be damaged? Efferent arteriole Glomerulus Renal tubule Collecting duct Peritubular capillaries

Which of the following animals would have an excretory system that conserves salts and excretes water? A marine invertebrate A terrestrial vertebrate A vertebrate living in freshwater A marine vertebrate A terrestrial invertebrate

Metabolism of which of the following macromolecules yields water, carbon dioxide, and nitrogenous wastes? Proteins and carbohydrates Carbohydrates and nucleic acids Proteins and nucleic acids Fats and proteins Fats and carbohydrates

The kidneys help maintain homeostasis with respect to blood pH by reabsorbing hydrogen ions and secreting bicarbonate ions. filtering hydrogen ions. reabsorbing carbon dioxide. secreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions. secreting carbon dioxide.

The hormones _______ and _______ ultimately raise blood volume and pressure. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH); aldosterone Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); erythropoietin Aldosterone; atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Vasopressin; atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

If moving the landmarks in an animal's environment disrupts its orientation, then the animal likely relies on _______ for finding its way. bicoordinate navigation true navigation distance-direction navigation piloting homing

Which of the following about social behavior is false? Living in a group increases the risk of disease transmission. The social groups of eusocial species include nonreproductive workers. Naked mole-rats maximize their inclusive fitness by remaining at their natal colony. Helpers at the nest maximize their individual fitness, but reduce their inclusive fitness. An altruistic behavior benefits the recipient but is always costly to the performer.

Which of the following research questions does not refer to proximate causes of behavior? How do pigeons that are experimentally displaced find their way back to their home loft? How does dispersal affect the survival of Belding's ground squirrels? Do mother goats learn the odor of their offspring? How do hummingbirds "know" when it is time to return to their overwintering grounds? How do rhesus macaques find their food?

Which of the following influences the development of singing behavior in male birds? Hearing the song of a conspecific adult male Social experience Hearing his own song Testosterone All of the above

Which of the following about imprinting is false? It is an example of a fixed action pattern It produces long-lasting effects It occurs during a limited time period It often involved in parent-offspring recognition It requires only brief exposure

All of the following statements about foraging behavior are correct except: Optimal foraging theory applies the cost-benefit approach to feeding behavior. Because eating is so critical to survival, opportunity costs are not incurred when an animal forages. Energy and nutrients gained from food are the primary benefits of foraging behavior. Optimal foraging theory predicts that when faced with several food items, an animal should make choices that maximize rate of energy acquisition. One cost of foraging is increased exposure to predators.

In a situation where one relative helps another, the fitness benefit to the recipient of the altruistic act is 10 and the fitness cost to the performer is 2. According to Hamilton's rule, it would be adaptive to help which of the following relatives? (Degree of relatedness is provided after each type of relative.) Full sibling; 0.50 Half sibling; 0.25 First cousin; 0.125 All of the above a and b only

All of the following characterize distance-direction navigation except: It involves movement through unfamiliar environments to reach a destination. It requires a compass (or a compass sense) to determine direction. It is used by humans. It requires knowledge of map coordinates of a current location and destination. It requires knowledge about the distance to the destination.

The protective outer layer of cells of the plant is called the pericycle. ground tissue. endoderm. epidermis. vascular tissue.

Photosynthesis occurs in _______ cells. collenchyma sclerenchyma parenchyma Both a and b None of the above

Which of the following cells perform their primary function when they are dead? Parenchyma cells Sclerenchyma cells Collenchyma cells Both a and c None of the above

The vascular tissue system of plants has the same function as the _______ system in animals. circulatory reproductive excretory digestive respiratory

Avoiding being eaten is typically a compromise for animals. If a frog remains silent, then he can't attract mates. Inability to attract mates is a(n) _______ cost of remaining silent for the male frog. energetic opportunity risk Both b and c None of the above

Northern flickers are woodpeckers of the eastern United States. Males, but not females, have black feathers that resemble a moustache extending from the bill along each side of the head. Whereas aggression between males is common, male and female members of breeding pairs are not aggressive toward one another. However, when scientists painted a moustache on female members of breeding pairs, their mates attacked them. This suggests that aggression is a learned behavior. the moustache is a neutral stimulus. aggression is a conditioned reflex. the moustache is a releaser for aggression. the moustache is a conditioned stimulus.

Pure water is placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane through which water can pass. No net movement of water occurs because the water potential on each side is +10. +1. 0. -1. -10.

What happens when a large amount of water enters a plant cell? The turgor pressure of the cell will be reduced. The cell will eventually become turgid, with no more net entry of water. The entry of the water will cause increased active transport into the cell. The water will move toward the region of more positive water potential. Entry of the water will increase as the water potential increases.

In order to transport K+ ions into their cells, plants use ATP to pump H+ out. the sodium-potassium pump. ATP to pump K+ in. ATP to pump water in. Both b and c

Where would you look to find the Casparian strips in a prepared microscope slide of root tissue? In a layer of pericycle cells In the apoplast In the epidermis In the endodermis In the symplast

The spines of cactus plants resulted from a modification of the same basic plant organ that forms the trunks of coconut trees. tubers of potato plants. leaves of maple trees. runners of strawberry plants. adventitious roots of corn plants.

The meristem is the base of the leaves. composed of undifferentiated cells. the site on the stem where a bud forms. the tip of the stem. supporting tissue.