PSYC 4070 – Ch. 17 – Flashcards

The period of life between the ages of 18 and 25. Emerging adulthood is now widely thought of as a separate developmental stage.

Maximum height is usually achieved by age ___ for girls and 18 for boys, except for a few late-maturing boys who gain another inch or two by ___. During emerging adulthood, muscles grow, bones strengthen, and shape changes, with males growing more arm ____ and females growing more ____.

By age __, women have attained adult breast and hip shape and men have reached full shoulder width and upper-arm strength.

Strength gradually decreases over adulthood, with some muscles weakening more quickly than others. Every body system - including digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and sexual reproductive systems - functions optimally at the beginning of adulthood. Back and leg muscles shrink after than arm muscles.

There may be health ____ that emerging adults ignore. A comprehensive review of many studies finds that low birthweight, under nutrition in infancy, and rapid weight gain by early childhood tend to result in shorter height, reduced body functioning, and higher risk of disease by age 25.

Usually blood pressure is normal, teeth have no new cavities, heart rate is steady, the brain functions well, and lung capacity is sufficient. Death from disease is rare worldwide during emerging adulthood.

The process of aging, whereby the body becomes less strong and efficient (begins in late adulthood).

The adjustment of all the body's systems to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium. As the body ages, it takes longer for these homeostatic adjustments to occur, so it becomes harder for older bodies to adapt to stress.

Homeostatic responses are regulated in the brain by the ____, sometimes called "the master gland," which defends the body via various hormonal shifts to maintain homeostasis. Each person's homeostatic systems are affected by age and past experiences, as well as genes.

The capacity of organs to allow the body to cope with stress, via extra, unused functioning ability. Declines in organ reserve are usually ignored until old age.

The average maximum heart declines as the organ reserve is reduced, beginning at about age 25, but the resting heart rate remains very stable

Historically, most babies were born to women under 25 years old, and peak newborns survival occurred when mothers were aged 18 to 25. Both sexes become less fertile with age. Physiological assets are liabilities for today's emerging adults because their hormones want sex but their minds know they are not ready for spouses or children. Almost every problem a child has correlates with being unwanted, but fewer unwanted pregnancies occur for the current cohort of emerging adults. − A national poll found that most 18- to 24-year-olds think premarital sex is "not wrong at all," while only 18% of those over age 65 agree. Premarital sex increases two complications: distress and disease

Unanticipated, emotional, entanglement produces unanticipated stress because sexual interactions include unspoken assumptions. Generally speaking, attitudes about the purpose of sex fall into one of three categories:

Average well-being increases in emerging adulthood, but so does the incidence of psychopathology. Except for dementia, emerging adults experience more of every diagnosed disorder (mental illness) that any older group).

The view that psychological disorders, such as schizophrenia, are produced by the interaction of a genetic vulnerability (the diathesis) and stressful environmental factors and life events.

Before they reach age ___, 8% of the U.S. residents suffer from a mood disorder: mania, bipolar disorder, or severe depression.

1. Bipolar Disorder becomes more severe in adulthood, with the grandiosity of the mania and the despair of depression may be unchecked by the normal restraints of children. 2. The most common mood disorder is major depression, signaled by a loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities for two weeks or more. Other difficulties - in sleeping, concentrating, eating, carrying on friendships, and feeling hopeful - are also present.

Women at all ages are more often depressed than men, but according to research on thousands of young adults in 15 nations, men are particularly vulnerable to the ups and downs of their love life.

Age and genetic vulnerability shape the symptoms of anxiety disorders. Young adults, especially if they have no support from close friends or relatives, are more likely to develop the disorder than are people of other ages.

- A Japanese word literally meaning "pull away," it is the name of an anxiety disorder common among young adults in Japan. Sufferers isolate themselves from the outside world by staying inside their homes for months or even years at a time.

About___% of all adults experience schizophrenia, becoming overwhelmed by disorganized and bizarre thoughts, delusions, hallucinations, and emotions.

Factors that cause schizophrenia include genetics, malnutrition, and extensive social pressure, little to no family support. In every nation, symptoms of schizophrenia typically begin in adolescence, with men particularly vulnerable.

A particular body weight that an individual's homeostatic processes strive to maintain

The ratio of a person's weight in kilograms divided by his or height in meters squared.

Once independent, emerging adults often change childhood eating patterns − No matter what their ancestry, today's emerging adults are fatter than past cohorts. One reason is that they earn less money, and health foods have become more expensive while unhealthy foods have become cheaper in the last 20 years.

Occupations of recreational activities that involve a degree of risk or danger. The prospect of "living on the edge," makes edgework compelling to some individuals. Many occupations include edgework, from firefighting to bond trading. (physical/financial).

Forms of recreation that include apparent risk of injury or death and that are attractive and thrilling as a result. Motor cross is one example.

The ingestion of a drug to the extent that it impairs the user's biological or psychological well-being.

A condition of drug dependence in which the absence of the given drug in the individual's system produces a drive - physiological, psychological, or both - to ingest more of the drug.

A method of reducing risky behavior that uses emerging adults' desire to follow social norms by making them aware, through the use of surveys of the prevalence of various behaviors within their peer group.