Sport Psychology Ch. 15 – Flashcards

Focusing on performance (as opposed to outcome goals) during competition has been shown to be associated with _____ anxiety and _____ performance. a. more; poorer b. less; superior c. more; superior d. less; poorer e. none of these

Studies of goal setting in business have concluded that a. although goals work in some situations, more often than not, specific goals are not better than "do your best" goals b. it does not matter how difficult your goals are-any goal will be effective c. goal setting works very well d. goal setting is effective but only when the goals are easy e. outcome goals produce better performance than performance goals

The mechanistic explanation for the effectiveness of goal setting includes a. directing the performer's attention to important elements of a skill b. mobilizing effort and increasing persistence by providing incentives c. the development and employment of new learning strategies d. all of these e. a and b

Having a goal to win the race is an example of a(n) _____ goal, whereas having a goal to "improve my best time" is an example of a(n) ______ goal. a. outcome; performance b. process; outcome c. outcome; ego-oriented d. subjective; objective e. a and c

Which of the following is a common problem when setting goals? a. setting too few goals b. failing to adjust goals c. failing to recognize individual differences d. b and c e. a and b

In developing a goal-setting program, it is important for individuals to set a. only performance goals b. performance and process goals c. process and outcome goals d. process, performance, and outcome goals e. performance and outcome goals

Which of the following is true regarding goal-setting practices of high school and collegiate coaches? a. The most important part of goal commitment is goal specificity. b. Coaches were consistent in writing down their goals. c. The only disadvantage noted was setting goals unrealistically high. d. a and b e. a and c

Simply telling an athlete to "do your best" is a. fine for younger kids b. effective when the sport is well learned c. not specific enough d. effective for developing an athlete's commitment e. all of these

In an attempt to build hope, Gould and colleagues created the Power 4W program. Which of the following is NOT one of the Power 4W components? a. want power b. wish power c. wade power d. will power e. way power

Mullin and Hardy (2010) found that the most effective types of goals that helped athletes overcome the negative effects of anxiety on performance were a. outcome goals b. performance-oriented goals c. movement-focused process goals d. long-term goals e. combination of short- and long-term goals