psych 9,11,12 – Flashcards

Ali, a war veteran, has had nightmares, flashbacks, and anxiety attacks for the past three years. Ali is most likely suffering from ____________. a. external locus of control b. catastrophic stress c. acute stress disorder d. post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Stress has been shown to put people at a higher risk for ____________. a. heart attack and stroke b. unplanned pregnancy c. promotions at work d. schizophrenia

____________ is a state of tension resulting from the deprivation of physical needs, such as those for food and water. a. motivation b. a value c. a drive d. instinct

Intrinsic motivation is one that propels a person to pursue an activity ___________________. a. for external rewards b. to relieve the state of tension caused by deprivation c. for its own sake d. in order to be judged favorably by others

The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met is called ______________. a. emotion b. motivation c. synergy d. achievement

Primary drives are ___________. a. unlearned b. produced by external incentives c. learned d. exceptions to the drive-reduction principle

A desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment is known as _______. a. intrinsic motivation b. extrinsic motivation c. secondary motivation d. primary motivation

Things that attract or lure people to action are ____________________. a. instincts b. bait c. incentives d. stimuli

The _______control one has, the _____________ the degree of stress. a. control has nothing to do with stress. b. Less; lower c. Less; greater d. More; greater

Events that cause a stress reaction are referred to as _______________________. a. hassles b. catastrohpies c. eustress d. stressors

__________________psychology is the field of study devoted to understanding the relationship between physical activities, psychological traits, and social relationships and overall health and rates of illness. a. health b. medicinal c. developmental d. physiological

___________is the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging. a. stress b. dysphoria c. distress d. burnout

The term hassles refers to _________. a. minor annoyances of everyday life b. minor health problems that cause a person to miss at least one day of work c. personal limitations that make it impossible for someone to pursue a desired goal d. the necessity to interact with persons we dislike in order to obtain our goals.

_____________is the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being. a. distress b. catastrophic stress c. acute stress d. eustress

According to Abraham Maslow, developing one's potential to its fullest extent results in ___________. a. self-actualization b. self-esteem c. belongingness d. safety

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state of functioning is called _______________. a. homeostasis b. equilibrium c. stability d. physiological balance

Which of the following is the term used to describe unpredictable, large-scale events that create a great deal of stress and feelings of threat? a. catastrophes b. major life events c. eustress d. hassles

Sydney said, "I don't care much about my grades as long as I'm the most popular girl in the class!" What need is this? a. need for power b. need for sex c. need for achievement d. need for affiliation

Which of these is the correct sequence of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs from the lower to the highest? a. physiological, safety, belongingness/love, esteem, self-actualization b. esteem, safety, self-actualization, belongingness/love, physiological c. safety, self-actualization, belongingness/love, esteem, physiological d. safety, physiological, esteem, belongingness/love, self-actualization

People living under stressful conditions tend to get sick more often than they would otherwise. How do researchers in psychoneuroimmunology explain this phenomenon? a. The body tends to adapt to the constant call for the stress response and, thus, future responses are not as strong as before. b. The stress response reduces immune system functioning, thus making us more vulnerable to diseases. c. The stress response in the long run leads to a lowering of the heart rate, which makes the heart inefficient. d. The stress response makes muscles stronger, which places a greater burden on the heart and respiratory systems.

To psychologists, motivation refers to __________________. a. a state of tension resulting from the deprivation of physical needs, such as those for food and water b. a process in which an individual sets goals in order to increase his or her competence and skills c. movement through a hierarchy of needs, beginning with survival needs for sleep, food, and water and reaching the need for self-actualization d. an inferred process within an organism that causes it to move toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation

According to the drive-reduction theory, what occurs each time a behavior results in drive reduction? a. stability is reduced. b. Drives are increased c. Tension is increased d. Tension is reduced

nAch is an abbreviation for _________________. a. no achievement b. no challenge c. need for change d. need for achievement

_____________occurs when people experience unpleasant stressors. a. eustress b. acute stress c. catastrophic stress d. distress

Which term refers to the ways in which people think about other people and how those thoughts influence behavior toward those other people? a. social norm deviance b. social context c. social cognition d. social discomfort

Which of the following is NOT a form of social influence? a. obedience b. compliance c. altruism d. conformity

'Out of sight, out of mind' is a cliché that is consistent with the _______rule of interpersonal attraction. a. similarity b. physical attractiveness c. proximity d. reciprocal liking

Voluntarily yielding to social norms, even at the expense of one's own preference, is called __________. a. conformity b. submission c. compliance d. obedience

Drives that are learned through experience are ___________. a. tertiary b. reflexive c. acquired d. primary

An individual who exerts less effort when working on a group task if the individual contributions will not be evaluated in engaging in what is called __________. a. social idleness b. social loafing c. social facilitation d. the goof-off phenomenon

The state of tension that occurs when a person's attitudes do not match the person's actions is called _____________. a. the validity effect b. cognitive dissonance c. the fundamental attribution error d. routinization

Eileen smiles wherever she goes. She smiles a lot in the classroom, which in turn prompts her fellow students to smile, making them feel happier too. This effect is best explained by which of the following theories of emotion? a. James-Lange b. Cognitive-mediational c. Schachter-Singer d. Facial feedback

According to the arousal theory, people are typically motivated towards _________ point of arousal. a. the highest b. the optimal c. the easiest d. the quickest

Azriel seems to thrive on stress and feels very much in control of his life. He would probably be labeled a __________ personality. a. Type A b. Type B c. Type C d. Hardy

Prejudice is about __________ while discrimination is about ____________. a. beliefs; perceptions b. perceptions; beliefs c. behavior; attitudes d. attitudes; behaviors

The more you see someone, the more likely you are to like that person. Such a phenomenon is often due to___________. a. reciprocity of liking b. similarity c. mere exposure d. proximity

According to Robert Sternberg's three components of love, which component addresses the physical aspects? a. intimacy b. passion c. commitment d. concern

When people are unable to reach a goal, frustration may result, which can ultimately turn into ______________. a. aggression b. pain c. confusion d. depression

If behavior is assumed to be caused by external characteristics, this is known as _____________. a. a situational cause. b. A dispositional cause c. A fundamental cause d. Actor-observer bias