Cognitive Psychology 1 – Flashcards
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What is an example of retroactive interference?
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Coach Todd calls one of her old softball players the name of one of her new players.
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According to the research on the primacy effect, if your father read you a list of 10 items to pick up at the hardware store you would most easily recall those items...
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From early in the list.
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John and Allison have been married for 10 years. Which of the following is the best description of how the two would likely describe their honeymoon?
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Both would remember the overall experience, but the memory would also include some best guesses about what they did.
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What is an example of the use of retrieval cues?
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Bringing an eyewitness back to the scene of the crime.
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What system of memory has the largest span and longest duration?
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Long-term memory.
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What provides the best explanation for why your history teacher can remember 14 random historic dates, while you can only recall about 7?
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Chunking.
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To aid students in their retention of information, which subsequently enables them to earn higher exam scores, memory researchers would highlight the use of
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Elaborative rehearsal.
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Lizzie is staring at the diagram of an eye that will appear on the exam she will take in the next few minutes. Although this strategy won't work, she is hoping to take advantage of her __________ memory.
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Iconic.
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Although many students attend every class and take notes, they struggle to remember everything they need to know for an exam. Where does this breakdown in memory most likely occur?
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Storage.
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Which two types of memories are both considered to be part of explicit memory?
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Semantic and episodic.
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What is memory?
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The retention of information over time.
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Name the three systems of memory.
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Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory.
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What are the two sub-sets of the sensory memory?
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Iconic and echoic memory.
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What are the two processes in which we can lose information in our STM?
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Decay and interference (proactive and retroactive).
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What is the average span of the STM for adults?
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The span of STM in adults is 7 + 2 pieces of information.
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What are the three systems of short term memory?
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Rehearsal, maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal.
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What are the two types of long term memory?
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Explicit and implicit.
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What are the three main processes of memory?
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Encoding, storage and retrieval.
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What are mnemonics?
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They are learning aids that enhances recall .
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What are the three types of mnemonics?
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Pegword method (uses rhyming) , method of loci (place imagery) and keyword method (language learning, reminder words).
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What do we use to measure memory?
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Recall, recognition and relearning.
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What are the two types of encoding cues?
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Context-dependent and state-dependent cues.
