Acids, Bases, pH – Flashcards
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acid
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Any compound that increases the number of hydrogen (hydronium ions) when dissolved in water
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base
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A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution; and usually possesses a large number of hydroxide ions
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hydroxide
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(OH-) Ion often associated with bases
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pH scale
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Measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions; scale that identifies acids & bases; pH range is 0 - 14
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Alkaline
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a basic substance; chemically, a substance that absorbs hydrogen ions or releases hydroxyl ions; a measure of the base content of the water.
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acidic
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pH less than 7
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basic
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pH greater than 7
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neutral
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A solution with a pH of 7.
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indicators
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Chemical solution containing a dye that changes colour depending on the pH
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electrolyte
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A substance that dissolves in water to form a solution that can conduct electric current through it
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What are the 3 categories of electrolyte substances?
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Acids, Bases, and Salts (ionic compounds)
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buffer
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A solution that resists changes in pH when limited amounts of acid or base are added.
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neutralization reaction
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the reaction of an acid and a base to form a neutral solution of water and a salt
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What are the reactants in a neutralization reaction?
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an Acid + a Base
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What are the products of a neutralization reaction?
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Water + a Salt (ionic compound)
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Tastes sour
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ACIDS
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Feels slippery
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BASES
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Reacts with metals; corrosive
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ACIDS
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pH ranges from 0 - 7
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ACIDS
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pH ranges from 7 - 14
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BASES
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Releases hydroxide ions (OH-) in water
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BASES
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Releases hydrogen ions (H+) in water
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ACIDS
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Tastes bitter
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BASES
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Affects change in indicators
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ACIDS and BASES
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Caustic to living tissues
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BASES and ACIDS
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Hydrogen ion
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(H+) ion associated with all acids
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Mg(OH)2 -- Is this an acid or base?
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BASE -- (OH-) ion is present at the end
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HNO3 -- Is this an acid or base?
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ACID -- (H+) ion is present first
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KNO3 -- Is this an acid or base?
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NEITHER -- it is a salt (ionic compound)
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hydronium
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H3O+ ion produced when the H+ released by an acid, binds with a water molecule -- ion that identifies a solution as being an acid
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weak bonds
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break easily into ions during dissolving to release many ions into solution -- this is a characteristic of strong acids & strong bases
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strong bonds
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hold molecules together more strongly when dissolving so few ions are released into solution -- this is a characteristic of weak acids & weak bases
