A&P first exam – Flashcards
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The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps?
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two pumps
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Which chamber receives blood from superior and inferior vena cava?
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right atrium
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Which heart chamber receives blood form the pulmonary veins?
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left atrium
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Which heart chamber pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk?
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right ventricle
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Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out of aorta to the systemic circuit?
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left ventricle
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Intercalated discs have desmosomes for
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strong connection, to transmit force, and to gap junctions for electrical communication btwn cells
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Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the
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left atrium
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The papillary muscles function to
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prevent AV valves from reversing into the atria
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What is not found in the mediastinum
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lung
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Tetanic musc contractions dont occur in a normal cardiac muscle because
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the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes
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Excess fluid causes cardiac tamponade in the...
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pericardial cavity
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Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the
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pulmonary valve
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The AV valves permit blood flow
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in one direction
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The right ventricle pumps blood to the
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right and left lungs
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the left ventricle pumps blood to the
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aorta
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When a bld clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery, the condition is known as
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coronary thrombosis
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the muscle layer of the heart is
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myocardium
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Oxygen is added to blood as it flows through the...
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pulmonary circuit
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What part of the condition system initiates the depolarizing impulse which spreads throughout the heart?
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SA node
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What does the ECG wave tracing represent?
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electircal activity in the heart
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What does the QRS complex represent in the ECG wave tracing?
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ventricular depolarization
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Contraction of the atria results from which wave of depolarization on the ECG tracing?
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P wave
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Which part of the intrinsic conduction system delays the impulse briefly before it moves on to the ventricles?
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AV node
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Different between cardiac and skel muscle is
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Cardiac muscle cant be tatanized
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In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of
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increased membrane permeability of sodium ions
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The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to
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calcium channels remaining open
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The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in the
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sinoatrial node
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If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions
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heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize
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In the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked
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the ventricles will beat more slowly
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The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from
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depolarization of the atria
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During the T wave of the ECG, ventricles are
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both repolarizing and relaxing
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Pacemaker cells in the SA node
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can spontaneously depolarize
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A slower than normal heart rate is called
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bradycardia
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faster than normal heart rate is called
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tachycardia
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isovolumetric relaxtion and ventricular filling take place during
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ventricular diastole
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Filling od ventricles
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passively in the ventricles through open AV valves
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describe pressures in the atria and ventricles that would cause the opening of the AV valves
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pressure in atria would be greater than the pressure in ventricles
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What causes the aortic semilunar valve to close
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greater pressure in the aorta than in the left ventricle
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Phases of cardiac cycle in order
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ventricular filling, contraction, ventricular ejection, isovolumetric relaxtion
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Increased pressure in the ventricles would close what valves
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AV valves only
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What is the relaxed state of the ventricle called?
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diastole
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the one way nature of the left AV valve prevents blood flow from
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the left ventricle of the left atrium
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Majority of the ventricular filling occurs while the ventricles and atria are in what state?
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relaxed, ventricular and atrial diastole
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What describes the end diastolic volume?
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the volume of the ventricle when it is most full
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left ventricle filling occurs
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while the AV valve is open
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Decrease in left ventricular pressure at the end of ventricular systole causes
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the semilunar valve to close
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First heart sound is heard when the
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AV valves close
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During ventricular systole
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AV valves are closed
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With each ventricular systole
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blood pressure increases
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Contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called
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systole
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Which would increase cardiac output to the greatest extent?
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increased heart rate and increased stroke volume
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What would increase heart rate?
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epinephrine and norepinephrine
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How would an increase in the SNS increase stroke volume?
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increased contractility
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How would decrease in blood volume affect stroke volume and cardiac output?
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volume and no change in cardiac output
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heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the
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medullae oblongata
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Cardiac output is increased by
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sympathetic stimulation
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Drugs that block the beta one adrenergic receptors will
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decrease heart rate
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activation of which kind of receptor causes rate to increase
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beta one receptor
