CHEM UNIT: 1 OBSERVATION AND HYPOTHESIZING – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Deductive reasoning-
answer
A prediction made or a conclusion drawn from insight gained from an established principle or law.
question
Hypothesis-
answer
An initial proposed explanation for the phenomenon.
question
Inductive reasoning-
answer
Drawing a conclusion from many observations concerning a possible common cause and forming a general rule.
question
Law-
answer
A statement that explains what something does under similar conditions and is broadly agreed upon by the science community.
question
Objective-
answer
Real reasoning based on data or facts
question
Presupposition-
answer
Initial idea which is believed to be true and is used as a basis (starting point) from which further reasoning and conclusions are made.
question
Qualitative-
answer
Generalized descriptions based on senses.
question
Quantitative-
answer
Description based on numbers, mathematics or measurements.
question
Subjective-
answer
Ideas resulting from the personal feelings, emotions, bias of a person.
question
Theory-
answer
A generalized model used to explain how something happens and is used to predict answers to related evidence and problems.
question
To ensure accurate recall of the experimental data, at minimum one should:
answer
Record the data in writing.
question
When conducting an experiment, a scientist should:
answer
proceed without specific goals.
question
An observation which requires measurement is called:
answer
Quantitative.
question
An observation which is descriptive is considered:
answer
Qualtitative.
question
The initial explanation for a phenomenon prior to experimentation is called a(n):
answer
Hypothesis.
question
A hypothesis is made:
answer
After gathering initial data and defining the research.
question
A published hypothesis:
answer
Should be tested by the scientific community.
question
Forming a hypothesis is accomplished through_____________ reasoning.
answer
Inductive.
question
Conclusions drawn from personal beliefs are:
answer
Subjective.
question
Descriptions based on measurement or reasoning free of bias are:
answer
Objective.
question
A hypothesis which appears to be verified by multiple experiments and/or researchers may become a:
answer
Theory.
question
A theory which repeatedly fails to confirm the expected predictions after extensive research:
answer
Is probably incorrect.
question
Scientific predictions based on laws are formulated using:
answer
Deductive reasoning.
question
Which statement is not true about a scientific law?
answer
A scientific law is always verified by a mathematical equation.
question
All scientists observing the same event will record identical descriptions.
answer
FALSE
question
Computers are capable of inductive reasoning.
answer
FALSE
question
Inductive reasoning requires creative thinking.
answer
TRUE
question
In forming a hypothesis one must carefully review his presuppositions to be sure they are not biased.
answer
TRUE
question
Hypotheses about historical singular events are not testable by the scientific method because they are not repeatable.
answer
TRUE
question
Conclusions related to historical events are limited to evaluating the existing evidence.
answer
TRUE
question
Absolute proof about the origin of a crater on the moon or the "star of Bethlehem" cannot be determined using the scientific method.
answer
TRUE
question
A theory should be able to explain the relevant data and lead to correct predictions.
answer
TRUE
