EXP Ch. 7 Practice Quiz – Flashcards

When reinforcement is contingent on continuous performance of an activity, a __________. reinforcement schedule is in force.

Your text reports the case of a man who apparently made hundreds of harassing phone calls. The man's behavior was most likley on a(n) _________.

When behavior is on a FR schedule, animals often discontinue working briefly following reinforcement. These periods are called ________.

In one form of the matching law, BA stands for the behavior under consideration and B0 represents _______.

A chain schedule is most like a _________ schedule.

The thinner of two schedules, VR 5 and VR 10, is VR 5.

The rate at which a response occurs, once the subject begins performing it, is called the _________.

_____________ led the way in the study of choice.

Extinction often increases the variability of behavior.

The rule describing the delivery of reinforcement is called a ________of reinforcement.

Studies of choice involve _________.

According to the ________ hypothesis, the PRE occurs because it is difficult to distinguish between intermittent reinforcment and extinction.

The schedule that is not an intermittent schedule is _________.

A reduction in response rate following reinforcement is called a _________.

CRF is synonymous with _________.

Bill spends his summer in the city panhandling. Every day he takes a position on a busy corner and accosts passersby saying, "Can you spare some change?" Most people ignore him, but every now and then someone gives him money. Bill's reinforcement schedule is best described as a _________.

Shirley trains a rat to press a lever and then reinforces lever presses on an FR 10 schedule when a red light is on, and an FI 10" schedule when a green light is on. In this case, lever pressing is on a _________.

Choice involves ________ schedules.

A schedule that does not require the performance of a particular behavior is the _________.

If you increase the requirements for reinforcement too quickly you are likely to see evidence of ratio _______.

The response unit hypothesis suggests that there really is a partial reinforcement effect.

The reappearance of previously effective behavior during extinction is called ____________.

One difference between FT and FI schedules is that in FT schedules, reinforcement is not contingent on a behavior.

One effect of the extinction procedure is an increase in the variability of behavior.

The explanation of the PRE that puts greatest emphasis on internal cues is the ________ hypothesis.

In a multiple schedule, the organism is forced to choose between two or more reinforcement schedules

The term ________ refers to the pattern and rate of performance produced by a particular reinforcement schedule.

Harry spent his summer in the city panhandling. Every day he would sit on the sidewalk, put a cardboard sign in front of him that said, "Please help," and place his hat on the sidewalk upside down. Then he would wait. Every now and then someone would put money into his hat. Harry's reinforcement schedule is best described as a _________.

Things are going pretty well for George (see item 26) until he jumps from reinforcing every tenth response to reinforcing every 50th response. At this point, the pigeon responds erratically and nearly stops responding entirely. George's pigeon is suffering from _________.

George trains a pigeon to peck a disk by reinforcing each disk peck. Once the response is learned, George begins to cut back on the reinforcers. At first he reinforces every other response, then every third response, every fifth response, every tenth response, and so on. George is using a procedure called _________.

When food is the reinforcer, it is possible to stretch the ratio to the point at which an animal expends more energy than it receives.

CRF stands for ________.

One explanation for the PRE implies that the effect is really an illusion. This is the _________.

In VI schedules, the reinforcer occurs periodically regardless of what the organism does.

___________ schedules differ from other schedules in that the rules describing the contingencies change systematically.

__________ refers to the point at which a behavior stops or its rate falls off sharply.

Extinction often decreases the frequency of emotional behavior.

In one form of the matching law, BA stands for the behavior under consideration and B0 represents _______.

The study of reinforcement schedules suggests that the behavior we call stick-to-itiveness is largely the product of _________.

A chain schedule is most like a _________ schedule.

Things are going pretty well for George (see item 26) until he jumps from reinforcing every tenth response to reinforcing every 50th response. At this point, the pigeon responds erratically and nearly stops responding entirely. George's pigeon is suffering from _________.

Harlan Lane and Paul Shinkman put a college student's behavior on extinction following VI reinforcement . The student performed the behavior 8,000 times without reinforcement

Gradually reducing the frequency of reinforcement is called _________.

Of the following, the schedule that most closely resembles noncontingent reinforcement is _________.

The schedule that is likely to produce a cumulative record with scallops is the _________.

In VI schedules, the reinforcer occurs periodically regardless of what the organism does

Although important, the matching law is restricted to a narrow range of species, responses, reinforcers, and reinforcement schedules.

The rule describing the delivery of reinforcement is called a ________of reinforcement

The immediate effect of extinction is often an abrupt increase in the rate of the behavior being extinguished. This is called an extinction ______.

FT and VT are both kinds of ______ reinforcement.

A pigeon is confronted with two disks, one green, the other red. The bird receives food on a VI 20" schedule when it pecks the green disk, and on a VI 10" schedule when it pecks the red one. You predict that the bird will peck _________.

The explanation of the PRE that puts greatest emphasis on internal cues is the ________ hypothesis.

Harlan Lane and Paul Shinkman put a college student's behavior on extinction following VI reinforcement . The student performed the behavior 8,000 times without reinforcement.

Resurgence may help account for _______.

In a multiple schedule, the organism is forced to choose between two or more reinforcement schedules.

Choice involves ________ schedules

Stanley wants to determine which of two reinforcement schedules is more attractive to rats. He trains a rat to press a lever for food, and then puts the rat into an experimental chamber containing two levers. Pressing one lever produces reinforcement on an FR 10 schedule; pressing the other lever produces reinforcement on an FI 10" schedule. Lever pressing is on a _________.

A given reinforcement schedule tends to produce a distinctive pattern and rate of performance. These are called schedule _______.

Shirley trains a rat to press a lever and then reinforces lever presses on an FR 10 schedule when a red light is on, and an FI 10" schedule when a green light is on. In this case, lever pressing is on a _________.

A schedule that does not require the performance of a particular behavior is the _________.

One explanation for the PRE implies that the effect is really an illusion. This is the _________.

John spent his summer picking cantaloupes for a farmer. The farmer paid John a certain amount for every basket of cantaloupes picked. John worked on a _________.

The rate at which a response occurs, once the subject begins performing it, is called the _________.