world history: culture – Flashcards
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culture
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total of knowledge, attitude, and behaviors shared and passed on by members of a specific group
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main elements of culture
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religion, clothing, food, where you live, music, and art
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other elements of culture
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education,language, politics, and security/protection
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society
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a group of people that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity, and culture
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ethnic group
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a group of people who share, a common language and heritage - they have an identity as a separate group of people within the region they live
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examples of ethnic groups around the world
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(1) The San(Bushmen) of Kalahari, (2) the Aborigines of Australia, (3) Native American of the US, (4) the Kurds of Iraq
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innovation
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taking existing technology and resources and creating something new to meet a need
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diffusion
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the spread of ideas, inventions, and behaviors from one society to another
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examples of diffusion to the US
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food (Italian-lasagne, sushi), sports (soccer),
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examples of diffusion from the US
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fast food (McDonald's), clothing brands (Nike), Disney, Starbucks, coca-cola
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cultural hearth
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cite of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, technology diffuse to many cultures
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best known cultural hearths
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river civilizations such as the Indus River (Asia), Huang He (E. Asia), Nile (Africa), Tigris & Euphrates (SW Asia)
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acculturation
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cultural change that occurs when individuals in a society accept or adopt an innovation
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examples of acculturation
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(1) wearing jeans instead of traditional garments
(2) drinking only bottled water in certain parts of the world
(3) military upgrading their technology
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language
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allows people in a culture to communicate & reflects all aspects of culture
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How does language establish identity?
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by creating unity and nationalism
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nationalism
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a strong feeling of pride in one's nation
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Can language divide people?
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yes - Canada-America
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dialect
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version of language that reflects changes in speech patterns related to class, region, or other cultural changes
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language diffusion
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the spread of language like any other element of culture
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How is language most often spread?
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through trade routes and migration - as people move the language they bring with them sometimes takes hold in the region
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religion
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a belief in a supernatural power or powers that are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the universe
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What does religion establish?
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belief and values that define how people worship and behave
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Monotheistic
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a type of religion that believes in one god
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Polytheistic
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a type of religion that believes in many gods
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Animistic (Traditional)
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a type of religion that believes in divine forces of nature
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Converts
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people who give up their former beliefs for a new religion
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How does religion spread?
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through diffusion and converts
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5 major religions
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Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism
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Where did Judaism, Christianity & Islam begin?
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SW Asia
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What do Judaism, Christianity & Islam have in common?
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monotheistic, share some prophets, beliefs, and teachers
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When was Judaism established?
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3,200 years ago
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Where do the basic teachings of Judaism come from?
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the Torah
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What is the largest religious following?
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Christianity - over 2 billion
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What were the teachings of Christianity based on?
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Jesus Christ the son of God, as recorded in the Bible
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Three major groups of Christianity
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Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Eastern Orthodox
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When was Islam established?
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613 A.D.
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What are Islams teaching based on?
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Muhammad
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What is the hold book of Islam?
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Qur'an
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Two major sects of Islam
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Sunni and Shiite
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When was Hinduism established?
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5,000 years ago, a polytheistic religion
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What is Hinduism based on?
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The Caste System
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Caste System
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levels of fixed social classes with specific rites and duties
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When was Buddhism established?
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An offshoot of Hinduism about 563 B.C.
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Who founded Buddhism?
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Siddhartha Guatama
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How do you reach Nirvana?
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promotes living the correct way
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How is Buddhism different from Hinduism?
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Buddhism rejects the caste system of HInduism
