Environmental Bio Ch. 1 – Flashcards
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Environmental Science
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the systematic study of our environment and our place in it
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Throughput
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the amount of resources we use and dispose of
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Tragedy of the Commons
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published in 1968 in the journal Science by ecologist Garret Hardin
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Ecosystem services
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another key idea refers to services or resources provided by environmental systems
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Sustainability
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is a search for ecological stability and human progress that can last over the long term
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Sustainable development
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as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability fo future generations to meet their own needs
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Indigenous peoples
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are generally the least powerful most neglected groups
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Science
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process for producing knowledge based on observations
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Reproducibility
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because they are cautious about accepting conclusions
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Replication
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repeating studies or tests
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Deductive reasoning
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reasoning from general to specific
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Inductive reasoning
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reasoning from many observations to produce a general rule
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Scientific Method
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1. observe
2. hypothesis
3. Text/Experiment & Predict
4. Gather Date
5. Interpret your Result
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Scientific Theory
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when an explanation has been supported by a large number of tests and when a majority of experts have reached a general consensus that it is a reliable description or explanation
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Probability
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measure of how likely something is to occur
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Natural Experiment
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one that involves obsersvation of events that have already happened
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Manipulative experiment
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conditions are deliberately altered and all other variables are held constant
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Controlled study
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by comparing a treatment group and a control group
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Double-blind experiments
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which neither the subject nor the researcher knows who is in the treatment group and who is in the control group
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Dependent Variable
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response variable is affected by the independent variables
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Independent Variable
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rarely independent also called explanatory variables
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Scientific consensus
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general agreement among informed scholars
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Paradigm shifts
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great changes in explanatory frame works
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Sound Science
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when controversy surrounds science
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Critical thinking
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logical, orderly, analytical assessment of ideas, evidence, and arguments
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Analytical Thinking
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helps break down a problem into its constituent parts
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Logical Thinking
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evaluates whether the structure of your argument makes sense
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Reflective Thinking
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what does it all mean
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Utilitarian conservation
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Roosevelt and Pinchot policies to save rain forest to save jobs
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Preservation
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because it emphasizes the fundamental right of other organisms and nature as a whole to exist and to pursue their own interests
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Modern Environmentalism
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extended to include both natural resources and environmental pollution
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Global Environmentalism
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photographs of the earth from space provide powerful icons for the fourth wave of ecological concern
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The best definition of a hypothesis is a
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proposed explination based on observation
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Which of the following is not an example of how statistics are used
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Determining the context of how data was gathered
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Utilitarian conservationists including Gifford Pinchot and Theodore Roosevelt support forest conservation in order to provide
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homes, jobs, and recreation for people
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The point of critical thinking is to learn to
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weigh all the evidence and draw your own conclusion
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Evidence of progress in dealing with increasing population problems is best illustrated by
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a decrease in the average number of children born to each woman
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Proponents of sustainable development argue that
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Development can proceed with minimal costs to the environment
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When testing a new drug to treat arthritis what method should be used to avoid bias in the date
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Double blind expiriments
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What would be considered to be an area in environmental science where we are seeing progress toward sustainability
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Renewable Engergy
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Why is world hunger an environmental issue
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Food production is global but the resources are unequally distributed
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The concept that a resource that is degraded by the increasing populations that utilize the resource without any regulation of the resource is
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the tragedy of the commons
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What would be considered to be an area in environmental science where we are seeing progress toward sustainability
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Renewable Engergy
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Creative thinking
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how might i approach this problem in a new and inventive way
