Snurfle Meiosis – Flashcards
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When does Interphase occur?
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- before meiosis
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What occurs during Interphase?
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- the cell does normal cell activities
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Uncoiled Stringy DNA
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- chromatin
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How many pieces of chromatin do human cells have?
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- 46
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Where does your DNA come from?
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- half from your mother
- half from your father
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DNA has _____ that determine the trait of an organism.
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- genes
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Different forms of a gene are called _____.
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- alleles
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_____ is when DNA copies itself during _____.
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- Replication
- Interphase
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_____ are made during Meiosis. List examples.
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- gametes --> sex cells --> sperm and eggs
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Meiosis occurs in _____ divisions; Meiosis _____ and Meiosis _____.
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- two
- I
- II
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What are the phases of Meiosis I?
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- Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I
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What are the phases of Meiosis II?
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- Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II
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During Prophase I, the chromosomes _____ and become _____.
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- condense
- visible
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Chromosomes that are the same size and have the same genes are called _____ _____.
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- homologous
- chromosomes
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Each half of a replicated chromosome is called a _____ _____.
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- sister
- chromatid
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Sister chromatids are _____.
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- identical
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The nucleus _____ during Prophase.
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- disintegrates
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Homologous chromosomes pair up during Prophase I to form a _____.
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- tetrad
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What happens during crossing over?
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- homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information
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During Metaphase I, the tetrads line up in the _____ of the cell.
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- middle (equator)
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The homologous chromosomes split up and move toward the opposite ends of the cell during _____.
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- Anaphase I
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_____ independent cells begin to form during _____.
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- Two
- Telophase I
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_____ is the division of the cytoplasm to make two new cells.
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- Cytokinesis
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The two new cells that are formed from Meiosis I are _____ because they contain half of the chromosomes of the original cell that started Meiosis.
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- haploid
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At the start of Meiosis I, you had 1 _____ cell.
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- diploid
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Meiosis II must take place because each of our new cells still has too much _____.
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- DNA
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The nucleus _____ during Prophase II.
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- goes away
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In Metaphase II, the chromosomes line up single file down the _____ of the cell.
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- middle
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In _____, the sister chromatids split up.
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- Anaphase II
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In Telophase II, _____ _____ daughter cells called _____ are being formed.
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- four
- haploid
- gametes
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Each newly formed cell will form a _____ around the chromosomes.
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- new nucleus
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The chromosomes _____ to form _____.
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- uncoil
- chromatin
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_____ occurs at the same time as Telophase II.
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- Cytokinesis
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At the end of Meiosis II, you have made _____ _____ gametes (sex cells).
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- four
- haploid
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If the gametes are produced by a female, they are called _____ or _____.
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- eggs
- ova
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If the gametes are produced by a male, they are called _____.
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- sperm
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What process in cells undergoing Meiosis increases genetic diversity?
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- crossing over --> occurs during Prophase I, homologous chromosomes trade genetic information --> there is more variety in the possible gametes --> diversity
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How many cells are produced by Meiosis?
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- 4 nonidentical haploid gametes
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How many varieties of gametes are produced by meiosis without crossing over?
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- 2
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What do you call two genes that are often inherited together?
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- they are linked
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What exchanged DNA during crossing over?
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- homologous chromosomes
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How many cells are produced by Meiosis in cells that do crossing over?
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- 4 --> two sets of two that are identical
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How many varieties of gametes are produced by Meiosis with crossing over?
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- 4 --> 4 nonidentical haploid gametes
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What is another term for the chromosomes that result from crossing over?
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- recombinant
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Does crossing over occur for every chromosome every time gametes are produced?
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- no --> it is a random process
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When does Independent Assortment occur?
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- Metaphase I
- Metaphase II
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The way each chromosome lines up during Metaphase I is _____.
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- random
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The alignment of the top pair of chromosomes _____ affect the alignment of the bottom pair.
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- WILL NOT
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How many different combinations are possible in the first part of Meiosis because of Independent Assortment?
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- 4
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What separates during Anaphase II?
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- sister chromatids
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How does Independent Assortment affect genetic diversity?
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- sister chromatids of individual chromosomes line up randomly, resulting in a variety of possible genetic combinations in gametes
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What are the two types of gametes?
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- sperm
- egg (ova)
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What process occurs when the sperm and egg combine?
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- fertilization
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For human being, there are _____ of possible sperm and _____ of possible eggs which can be produced which results in _____ of possible genetic combinations.
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- millions
- millions
- trillions
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A genetic cross that looks at two traits is a _____ cross.
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- dihybrid
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What goes inside the boxes of a Punnet Square?
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- 16
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How many gene combinations are possible in gamete production for a dihybrid cross? Why?
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- 8 --> from the FOIL process, each parent has 4 for a combination of 8
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What is the term for a fertilized egg?
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- zygote
