Genetics Ch25 – Flashcards

What term is given to the total genetic information carried by all members of a population?

In a population of 100 individuals, 49% are of the NN blood type. What percentage is expected to be MN assuming Hardy—Weinberg equilibrium conditions?

Albinism is an autosomal recessive trait in humans. Assume that there are 100 albinos (aa) in a population of 1 million. How many individuals would be expected to be homozygous normal (AA) under equilibrium conditions?

In small isolated populations, gene frequencies can fluctuate considerably. The term that applies to this circumstance is

The discipline within evolutionary biology that studies changes in allele frequencies is known as

A number of mechanisms operate to maintain genetic diversity in a population. Why is such diversity favored?

Which method is often used to analyze proteins and nucleic acids by physical separation when estimating genetic variation in populations?

Which general term is used to group various biological and behavioral properties of organisms that act to prevent or reduce interbreeding?

In a population that meets the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assumptions, 81% of the individuals are homozygous for a recessive allele. What percentage of the individuals would be expected to be heterozygous for this locus in the next generation?

Assume that in a Hardy-Weinberg population, 9% of the individuals are of the homozygous recessive phenotype. What percentage are homozygous dominant?

Assuming that p = 0.3 for a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what would be the expected frequency of heterozygotes for the involved allelic pair?

A certain form of albinism in humans is recessive and autosomal. Assume that 1% of the individuals in a given population are albino. Assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what percentage of the individuals in this population is expected to be heterozygous?

Suppose that a given gene undergoes a mutation to a dominant allele such that 2 out of 100,000 offspring exhibit the new mutant phenotype. Assuming that these offspring are heterozygous, what is the mutation rate for the gene?

Mutation and migration introduce new alleles into populations. What is the most likely principal force that will shift allelic frequencies within large populations?

Which term is given to the measure of the proportion of offspring that a particular phenotype will contribute to the next generation?

The difference between fitness of a given genotype and another genotype considered optimal is called the selection coefficient (s). What is the selection coefficient for a genotype (aa) that produces an average of 99 offspring when Aa individuals produce an average of 100 offspring?

If a gene has three alleles in a population, their frequencies must add up to 1.5.

In the case of complete dominance in a population in equilibrium, we cannot tell which individuals are homozygous dominants and which are heterozygous, but by knowing the frequency of the homozygous recessives, we can estimate the frequency of homozygous dominant and heterozygous genotypes

Inbreeding by itself can change gene frequencies.

Genetic drift is primarily associated with relatively small breeding populations

Mutations are regarded as a strong evolutionary mechanism for changing allelic frequencies

Given an inheritance pattern of incomplete dominance and 81 flowers that are red (R1R1), 18 flowers that are pink (R1R2), and 1 flower that is white (R2R2), the frequency of the R1 allele is 0.9

Selection is the differential reproduction of genotypes, resulting from their variable fitness.

For a given locus, in a population with two alternative alleles, the allele frequencies p + q = 1.0

In large random mating populations, random genetic drift is usually a significant factor in changing gene frequencies

In directional selection, both phenotypic extremes are equally selected against

Natural selection occurs when there is nonrandom elimination of genotypes from a population due to differences in viability or reproductive success

Evolution is dependent on genetic diversity in the evolving population.

Conservation of amino acid sequence among distantly related groups of organisms is suggestive of an important function of that sequence