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American History Unit One – Flashcards

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8 July 2022

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1)The potential for conflict between Europeans and the indigenous people in North America stemmed in part from different values concerning the:

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relationship to the environment.

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As a result of the development of agriculture in the Americas, the members of native tribes:

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grew in numbers and founded separate societies.

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In contrast to the Europeans, most natives of North America believed that land serves as the basis for:

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common sustenance.

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The Pueblo people of the American Southwest, encountered by the Spanish in the 1540s:

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used irrigation canals, dams, and hillside terracing to water their arid maize fields.

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In Cahokia, the center of a vast Mississippi culture reaching its peak around 1200 C.E., Native Americans:

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developed an urban center with at least 20,000 inhabitants

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which of the following characteristics of a matrilineal trabe in north america is not accurate

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political deliberation and decision-making by females

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population growth and cultural development in west africa

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depended upon ecological conditions and geography

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west africans shared religious beliefs that rejected

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none of the above

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all of the following factors contributed to the rise of modern europe EXCEPT the

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emergence of powerful feudal lords

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according to the magna carta presented by members of the english aristocracy to their king in 1215, the:

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members of parliament would meet regularly to pass money bills

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rather than personal wealth, natives of communal american societies valued

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community and personal valor

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in contrast to the fate of africans enslaved in the americas, the slaves in west african societies

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often did not suffer a permanently servile condition

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arab merchants who lived in Ghana:

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introduced Ghanaians to arabic ideas about religion and government

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at the time of early contact with europeans, africa was a continent marked by

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diverse and elaborate cultures

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archaeological studies of the mound builders suggest that native american

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societies participated in a vast trading network hat linked villages across the continent

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the movement toward more intensive and profitable agriculture in the sixteenth century

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marked the first step toward industrial development in England

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the expansionist impuilse of european monarchs in the latter fifteenth century was

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motivated by a desire to bypass Muslim merchants in trade with asia and africa

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"european colonicers in north america also found disturbing the matrilineal organization many tribal societies" matrilineal organizations occurs when

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family membership is determined by the female, rather than male line

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"by te time the spanish arrived in the 1540s, the indigenous Pueblo people were using irrigation canals" indigenous people refers to those who

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live naturally in an area

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"ushering in a new, more secularage, the Renaissance.. encouraged the freedom of thought..." a selcularage is one that is

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worldly rather than spiritual

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While Spain began to exert its power on the other side of the Atlantic, the Portuguese:

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concentrated on spreading their power to Africa and East Asia.

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Spanish and Portuguese explorations of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries:

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shifted commercial power from Mediterranean ports to those of the Atlantic.

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Protestantism did not gain an early foothold in the Americas because:

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)nations most affected by the Reformation entered overseas exploration later than Spain and Portugal

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What factor(s) did NOT contribute to the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires?

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superior numbers and commitment

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The population of the Americas dramatically declined following the arrival of Europeans primarily

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lack of natural immunity among Native Americans to European diseases.

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American exploration changed European diets by introducing Europeans to:

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maize and potatoes.

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the consequences of sugar production in the New World included:

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all of the above

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The defeat of the Spanish Armada by England in 1588:

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all of the above

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England initially became interested in the western Atlantic for

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fish

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English colonizing ventures in the New World differed from previous Spanish and Portuguese efforts in that English attempts were:

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privately organized and financed

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A negative image of Native Americans among English settlers:

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justified their claim that natives had disqualified themselves as rightful owners of the land.

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The least likely destination of European slave traders in the seventeenth century would have been:

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North America.

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The most important factors for increasing the African slave trade was a(n):

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need for labor on sugar plantations.

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"The countries most affected by the Reformation...." The Reformation was a(n):

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religious movement that criticized the Catholic faith.

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The organizers of the Jamestown colony were motivated primarily by a desire to:

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earn profits by discovering minerals and developing a fur trade with Indians.

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The Virginia Company attracted new settlers to its colony after 1609 by:

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promising free land at the end of seven years' labor for the company.

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The economic salvation for the Virginia colony proved to be the:

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cultivation of tobacco

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The primary cause for continuing conflicts between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia was the:

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steady encroachment by land-hungry settlers on Indian territories.

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Chesapeake colonists of the seventeenth century:

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faced a strong possibility of dying from disease.

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In response to Bacon's Rebellion, Governor Berkeley of Virginia:

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declared Bacon a rebel and ordered him arrested.

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Which of the following factors did NOT contribute to the outbreak of Bacon's Rebellion?

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colonial mistreatment of the Indians

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Life in the southern colonies remained volatile in the late seventeenth century mainly because of a lack of:

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social cohesion.

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The southern transition to black slave labor in the last quarter of the seventeenth century might be explained by the:

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all of the above

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The Puritans of England:

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wished to rid the Church of England of all Catholic beliefs and practices.

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Puritans decided to emigrate from England during the 1630s because of:

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all of the above

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)Unlike the Puritans, the Pilgrims:

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separated from the Church of England.

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In contrast to Virginia, the colony of Massachusetts Bay thrived almost from the beginning because the early Puritan settlers

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came as freemen in families, and possessed a strong work ethic and valuable skills.

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By the early seventeenth century, the French:

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developed a fur trade in Canada.

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The Dutch colony of New Netherland:

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became the colony of New York following English takeover in 1664.

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In his colony, William Penn intended to:

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make an asylum for the persecuted and a refuge from arbitrary state power.

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Slavery never became the foundation of the northern colonial work force because:

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labor-intensive crops would not grow in colder climates.

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The architects of the Carolina colony:

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intended to create a hereditary aristocracy of wealthy manor lords.

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New Englanders built more private and comfortable houses at an earlier stage than colonists in the Chesapeake because of:

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the need of Southerners to invest available capital in labor.

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Which of the following factors was most instrumental in securing victory for the New England colonists in King Philip's War?

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internal problems for the Indians, such as food shortages, disease, and defections

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The root cause of King Philip's War in New England stemmed from the anger of young Wampanoags at the colonists':

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attacks on their land base and political sovereignty.

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Which of the following elements contributed to the cohesion of Puritan village life in New England?

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an unusual stress on literacy and education

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Puritan minister Roger Williams supported:

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complete separation of church and state.

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William Penn believed that the Indians should be:

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compensated for their land.

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The Pueblo were pushed to the point of revolt when the Spaniards began to:

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assault their religion by seizing their kivas.

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According to the theory of mercantilism, colonies existed primarily to:

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provide foodstuffs and raw materials.

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The Navigation Act of 1660:

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listed colonial products that could be shipped only to England or to other English colonies.

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After 1675, England enacted stricter imperial controls because (of):

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the complications of international competition and war.

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Governor Edmund Andros of the Dominion of New England antagonized colonists by:

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challenging the validity of all land titles.

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Leisler's Rebellion in New York City reflected the

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resentment of lower-class Dutch residents toward the town's English elite.

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The Glorious Revolution of 1688 resulted in:

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lasting political changes to several colonies.

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The colonial elite tried to foster social and economic stability by the:

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maintenance of a highly stratified society.

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"The Puritans set about building their utopia...." A utopia is a(n):

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ideal of social or political perfection.

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New Englanders opted for more of a mixed economy than settlers in the middle or southern colonies because in New England:

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availability and productivity of land was limited.

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Colonial America in the first half of the eighteenth century experienced:

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population growth and economic development.

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Compared to her English counterpart, the eighteenth-century northern colonial woman:

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enjoyed broader legal and property rights.

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The Chesapeake colonies of the early eighteenth century witnessed:

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the emergence of a planter gentry as political and social leaders.

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By the 1740s, the vast majority of inhabitants along the coast of South Carolina consisted of:

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black slaves

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The adoption of slave codes in the English colonies:

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restricted the lives of slaves.

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Which of the following factors helped temper rebellion and offer comfort to colonial slaves?

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religion and family life

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The typical master in colonial America wished to convert the slave into a(n):

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mindless drudge who obeyed every command.

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France's interior empire in North America:

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had many settlements that were mixed-race communities.

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As a result of extensive contact with European colonizers during the early eighteenth century, Native American tribes of the interior:

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altered patterns of tribal life and leadership.

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The advent of "modern" life occurred first in the seaboard centers of colonial America, including the transition from a:

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barter to a commercial economy.

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Colonial merchants of the early eighteenth century:

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integrated American producers and consumers in the Atlantic basin trading system.

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For urban artisans in colonial America:

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a major goal was economic independence.

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In contrast to conditions in the English colonies, life in New Spain was characterized by greater:

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racial intermixture.

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the social structure of American colonial cities from 1690 to 1770 was influenced by:

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an increasing gap between the wealthy and the poor.

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According to the entrepreneurial ethos, government would provide for the general welfare by:

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promoting individual competition.

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All of the following represent theories of Enlightenment thinkers EXCEPT the notion that:

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God predetermined the contents of the human mind.

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Perhaps the most pressing problem facing clergymen in the early eighteenth century and a cause for the Great Awakening was the:

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pervasiveness of religious apathy.

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Which of the following might NOT be considered a legacy of the Great Awakening?

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religious homogeneity

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The religious revival known as the Great Awakening:

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emphasized an emotional rather than intellectual approach to religion.

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Royal checks on colonial lawmaking operated imperfectly in the eighteenth century primarily because of the:

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time lag in English response to colonial action.

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The most important government for colonial New Englanders was the:

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town meeting.

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According to the Whig ideology, the best defense against corruption and tyranny rested in the:

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eternal vigilance by the people.

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During the early eighteenth century, colonial assemblies:

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gained the "power of the purse."

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Unlike members of the English House of Commons, colonial representatives:

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were expected to reflect the views of those who had elected them locally.

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Following the Glorious Revolution of 1688, England:

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tightened imperial controls over her American empire.

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As a result of the Molasses Act of 1733:

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many of New England's largest merchants and distillers resorted to smuggling.

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The underlying cause of the Seven Years' War in America was (the):

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English colonial penetration of the Ohio Valley.

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The British Proclamation of 1763

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ordered colonial governors to reserve lands west of the Appalachian Mountains for Indian nations.

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Which of the following provisions was NOT a part of George Grenville's program to raise colonial revenue?

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increased taxes on imported French molasses

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Colonists protested the Stamp Act in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

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a declaration of independence

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The Boston Massacre, in which five townspeople were killed by British redcoats:

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convinced Governor Hutchinson to order British troops out of town.

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Americans objected to the Tea Act of 1773 because it would:

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cause smuggled Dutch tea to be undersold.

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Even before the Second Continental Congress assembled in May 1775, most colonies had created extralegal, revolutionary governments which:

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all of the above

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The ideology of revolutionary republicanism:

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borrowed ideas from a variety of former Whig and Enlightenment thinkers.

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Many Americans viewed English policies after 1763 as:

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all of the above

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Much of the colonial clergy:

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supported the revolutionary movement against English rule.

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Discussions at the First Continental Congress were LEAST concerned with:

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preparing financially and militarily for war.

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During the 1760s and 1770s, urban artisans in America:

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used political discontent to demand internal reforms.

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The most important revolutionary role for colonial women was:

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facilitating the boycott of English goods.

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Most colonial farmers of the 1750s and 1760s:

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seemed more concerned with local issues than English policies.

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Some revolutionary ideas were expressed in the form of broadsides. A broadside is a:

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single printed sheet

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The Intolerable Acts provided for all of the following EXCEPT the:

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individual punishment of participants in the Boston Tea Party

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As a result of the Townshend duties of 1767, Parliament:

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raised customs duties on American imports of paper, lead, paint, and tea.

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Passage of the Declaratory Act by Parliament:

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asserted Parliament's power to enact laws for the colonies in "all cases whatsoever."

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The turning point of the Seven Years' War in America occurred when:

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English Prime Minister William Pitt threw his nation's full military might into the American campaign.

American History Unit One – Flashcards

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