Sociology Exam 3 – Flashcards

When used by sociologists, the term "wealth" refers to ________.

Which of the following statements is most accurate with respect to determining social prestige in modern society?

What was the term C. Wright Mills used to refer to those who make the big decisions in American society?

The occupation with the highest prestige in the United States is a ________.

Phil, a janitor for an expensive apartment-house complex in Chicago, is a union janitor who makes quite a bit more money than many of the tenants in the building he maintains. Lenski would note that Phil's high income but low occupational prestige demonstrates a condition of ________.

When individuals experience status inconsistency, what is their likely choice of behavior?

What is Durkheim's term for a condition in which people become detached from the norms that guide their behavior?

What did the research by Kohn suggest as being the primary influence upon parents that emphasized how they reared their children?

Ken belongs to a church in which the worship services are highly expressive with spontaneous "Amens" and "Praise Jesus" outbursts accompanied by loud, inspirational organ music. Ken is most likely a member of the ________ class.

Politically, the class of people who are more likely to feel that the government should intervene in the economy to make citizens financially secure are the ________.

What political party are members of the upper class more likely to belong

What is the upward or downward movement in social class by family members from one generation to the next?

If 100 working-class people move upward on the class ladder and, at the same time, 100 middle-class people move downward, sociologists would consider this an example of ________ mobility.

What did Higginbotham and Weber discover about women from working-class backgrounds who now occupied professional, managerial, and administrative positions in Memphis?

To determine the poverty line, the U.S. government calculates a low-cost food budget for a family of a specific size, then subjects that number to which modification?

What region of the United States has the highest clustering of people in poverty?

The trend in the United States in which most poor families are headed by women is called ________.

________ are the most likely segment of the population in the United States to experience poverty today.

John worked at a steel mill for 25 years. A recessionary economy and competition with foreign steelmakers forced the closing of the mill. At the age of 45, John is unable to find work in his town, lives in poverty, and must go on welfare. What is the most likely cause of John's poverty?

Jacob is single, 40 years old and living in government-subsidized housing. He does not want to pursue regular employment because he feels there are other members of society who need the work more than he does. Jacob's situation is an example of which of the following explanations of why people are poor?

Which phrase best describes Miss Rivers' Lodge?

What is a group of people with inherited physical characteristics that distinguish it from another group?

While race might reflect our biological heritage, ________ reflects our cultural heritage.

What term did Louis Wirth use to define groups of people who are singled out for unequal treatment and who regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination?

Which statement is most accurate regarding the meaning of race?

Based on the textbook, what are two ways a group becomes a minority?

For the last five years, Sarah has been trying to recover her ethnic heritage by tracing her family line. This attempt to trace her family line is an example of ________.

Which of the following food choices best illustrates the belief that America is a diverse nation?

What is the term used to describe an attitude that exaggerates the virtues of a group, such as all Asian Americans being brilliant or all African Americans being great athletes?

What did Ezekiel suggest as the reason why some people are attracted to racist hate groups?

Pedro, a legal immigrant from Mexico, and George, a white male whose family has been in America for several generations, have each applied for a car loan at the local bank. Pedro's loan was turned down while George was granted a loan. In comparing their credit history, both men had good credit, and their debts and income were comparable. This is an example of ________ against Pedro.

John recently received his semester grades and found that he had failed two courses. He says the reason he failed the two courses is that they were taught by female professors. John believes that women are really not smart enough to teach at the college level. In this example, the female professors are ________.

The group in society made up of the unemployed who can be put to work during times of high production and then laid off when they are no longer needed is called ________.

________ refers to seeing certain features of a situation while ignoring others, and the use of labels to group individual members as if they were all alike.

The massacre of Native Americans in the 1800s, the extermination of the Jews in Nazi Germany, and the slaughter of the Tutsis in Rwanda are all examples of ________.

When an executioner wears a hood he is separating his true identity (the man without a hood) from the one carrying out the execution. Such behavior is part of an effort to separate one's feelings from one's acts, called ________.

The relocation of Native Americans to reservations and the transfer of Americans of Japanese descent to internment camps during World War II are examples of ________.

When the Native Americans were pacified by the military in the late 1800s, they were forced to learn the English language, dress like the white man, renounce their religion, and give up their customs. This was a classic example of ________.

Switzerland is made up of four separate ethnic groups that have kept their own languages but are peacefully united politically and economically. This pattern of intergroup relations is an example of ________.

Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, any Asian was viewed as an enemy of America. This phenomenon that occurs when one ethnic group that resembles another is also discriminated against because of mere association is called ________.

While the notion of gender refers to sociological characteristics, the concept of sex refers to ________ characteristics.

The term for the unequal access to power, prestige, and property based on a person's sex is ________.

Which of the following is a primary sex characteristic?

Which of the following statements best describes how most sociologists believe behavioral gender differences develop between men and women?

Based on the accident that led to the sex change of a seven-month-old identical twin as well as the Vietnam veterans' study, which statement is most accurate regarding the effects of nature and nurture on behavior?

Dominance behavior, such as winning a game, produce higher levels of __________.

In what society were women and men often considered social equals?

What classification or terminology do sociologists apply to women that describe their inability to gain equal access to power, property, and prestige?

What is the practice of suttee?

In Pakistan, Jordan, and Kurdistan, a woman who has brought disgrace to her family is killed by a male relative, usually her brother or husband. This practice is called ________

What is the philosophy that biology is not destiny, especially with regard to justifying gender stratification?

The fact that nearly 80 percent of engineering degrees are awarded to men while 90 percent of library science degrees are awarded to women illustrates the phenomenon of ________.

Joan and Jim were both hired to do the same work at the Acme Tool Company, although Jim's title is slightly different from Joan's. Jim has received a higher starting salary. What do sociologists call this form of employment discrimination?

Based the same levels of academic achievement, where does the greatest pay gap exist between men and women over their lifetime?

What is the term for gender discrimination against women who miss the work experience while they care for children at home?

Agatha has worked for ten years in the public relations department of a large firm. She has been promoted to several higher paying managerial positions, but never to an executive position, even though she has directed several successful projects for the firm. Her lack of promotion most likely illustrates ________.

Which of the following is not an example of sexual harassment?

What has the Supreme Court ruled regarding the treatment of homosexuals in the workplace and sexual harassment?

Why do most acquaintance rapes go unreported to authorities?

What does it mean when sociologists say that age is "socially constructed"?

Prejudice, discrimination, and hostility directed against people because of their age is called ________.

How do theorists view the relationship between industrialization and the elderly in the United States?

In U.S. society, men with graying hair and wrinkles are seen as mature, while women with the same features are seen as old. This is referred to as ________ age.

Based on the work of Elaine Cumming and William Henry, when does disengagement begin?