CHM2211L Final – Flashcards

know how to do these

No, becasue IR gives us information about which functional groups are present and both have the same group.

~the purpose of hot gravity filtration is to separate the solid and the liquid phases. ~it removes any impurities that are soluble when hot

it will prevent recrystallization from happening in the stem

Ligroin is a volatile, flammable, hydrocarbon solvent that is nonpolar. It is used to examine solubility

(write whats on top) immiscible (hexane on top) Immiscible (water on top) miscible immiscible (ether on top)

The phenol anion is resonance stabilized. this makes it a weaker conjugate base and a stronger acid than cyclohexanol

no, becasue the pKa's are too close. they would be deprotonated stuff at the same time.

The condenser needs to be slightly angled downward so that the flow of water through the condenser can properly cool the vapors. The water must flow from bottom to top to allow the condenser to fill up and do so.

soak the cloves so they can become rehydrated making there be more accessible euganol in the soft tissues allowing a better yield.

grignards are very reactive with water becasue they are very strong nucleophiles. if there is any water present, the grignard will attack that rather than what we actually want. PH-MgBr + H2O --> Ph + Mg(OH)Br

okay

has properties of an analgesic and antipyretic. It has medical uses similar to aspirin. pain relief.

you pick the one with least steric hinderance. both have the iodine meta to the electron withdrawing group. one has the iodide para to the OH electron donating group while the other s the ortho. the para one allows for less steric hinderance

Rf= distance from origin to dot/ distance from origin to solvent front

most polar travels shortest distance and has an Rf furthest from 1.

each compound will travel faster and further giving it a higher Rf value.

It is important to not dilute the initial sample so that the entire sample enters the column in as compact of a band as possible.

I would expect unreacted ferrocene to elute first because it is least polar

know how

The isolation of p-aminobenzoic acid is difficult because of the isoelectric point. The isoelectric point is the pH where a molecule contains both charges or no net electrical charge. This makes our lab more difficult because benzocaine is the ethyl ester of p-aminobenzoinc acid which is neutral meaning it has no charge and s harder to remove because it forms a zwitterion. If the pH is lower than the isoelectric point, the molecule will have a positive charge and if the pH is higher the molecule will have a negative charge.

b is more polar than a. this is because chlorophyll a has a methyl group where cholorphyll b has a carbonyl group. the carbonyl causes b to be more polar bc of the electronegativity.

Xanthophylls are more polar because it contains O and B-carotene only contians C and H groups.

polar because the oxygen from the carbonyl group is electronegative allowing a partial negative charge on the O and a partial positive on C.

we use pencil because the ink from the pen will travel up the tlc plate with the solvent.

repeating units that bind to other molecules to make up a polymer

part of a polymer made up of repeating monomers chemically linked together

two monomers react to form a larger unit while a small molecule like water is eliminated or lost

~slime~ polymer formed from polymers linking to each other

because it will tautomerize to acetaldehyde which it prefers so it will not polymerize

mix the samples together and take the MP. if the range is large and lower its different.

HCl is used to dissolve p-phenotidin and not water bc HCl is a stronger acid and give a better yield

acts as a base to prevent it from becoming too acidic

amide synthesis is greener because it doesnt require as much water. both require bad chemicals and extended heating

benzoic acid, 4-t- butyl phenol

testing the melting point

look at post lab

extracting is used to dissolve the material we want and leave the others behind washing dissolves impurities and leaves the others behind

ester reform the the carbonyl because there are two oxygens on the same carbon. Ketones and aldehydes have just one O and the grignard can only attack once

Ligroin removed the byproduct of biphenyl. both are nonpolar, so the ligroin can dissolve the biphenyl. this caused the solution to go from pink to yellow.

iodine is para because it made it less sterically hindered

double bond grabs iodine cation

yes. there were 2 distinct spots and in column chromatography there were 3 layers.

1,1'-diacetylferrocene would be formed because it is least sterically hindered. the carbonyl on the top ring is an ewg so it deactivates or prevents the second one from adding to the same ring.

It is such a strong oxidizer so it would oxidize the p-toluidine further past p-aminobenzoic acid. it would make the no2 group into a nh2 group. this is why we use the protection step

if we did the esterification step prior to deprotection, then ethanol would attack and add to the C=O in the amide rather than forming the ester. this would make the rxn useless because the ester woudlnt be formed.

~50:50 solvent ratio because there are equal amounts of polar and nonpolar solvents. this allows it to seperate polar and nonpolar pigments equally. ~ i would improve this by adding more polar solvent to increase Rf values

chlorophyll b is most polar and b-carotene to be least polar. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

improve this by making sure each pigment is concentrated enough

-letting the cloves soak longer -slow down distillation process -make sure to remove all CH2Cl2 with the pipet

~CO2 requires less time than distillation ~CO2 requires very high pressure and complex equipment ~distillation requires CH2Cl2 which is toxic but makes a purer pdt ~CO2 is nontoxic and readily available making it greener