Reconstruction (1863-1877) – Flashcards

A Radical Republican who believed in harsh punishments for the South. Leader of the Radical Republicans in Congress.

The Senator who had been caned by Brooks in 1856, returned to the Senate after the outbreak of the Civil War. He was the formulator of the state suicide theory, and supporter of emancipation. He was an outspoken Radical Republican involved in the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.

Confederate cavalry leader and slave trader who later will found and became a Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan

authorized the president to use federal prosecution and military force to suppress conspiracies to deprive citizens of the right to vote and enjoy the equal protection of law

an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.

19th president of the united states, was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history

democratic presidential candidate in 1876- 184 electoral votes. Famous New York prosecutor; ran for president on Democratic ticket against Rutherford B. Hayes in election of 1876; fell one electoral vote shy of becoming president

Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river; , This settled the Election of 1876, troops were removed from Louisiana and South Carolina and concessions for building a southern transcontinental railroad made.

Military orders issued by General Sherman on January 16, 1865 which provided 40 acres of land along the Atlantic coast to freed slaves. The orders were subsequently revoked by Andrew Johnson.

In December 1863 Lincoln introduced the first Reconstruction scheme, the Ten Percent Plan, thus beginning the period known as Presidential Reconstruction. The plan decreed that when one-tenth of a state's prewar voters had taken an oath of loyalty to the U.S. Constitution, its citizens could elect a new state government and apply for readmission to the Union. In addition, Lincoln promised to pardon all but a few high-ranking Confederates if they would take this oath and accept abolition. The plan also required that states amend their constitutions to abolish slavery. Conspicuous in this plan was the stipulation that only whites could vote or hold office.

The return of 11 ex-Confederates to high offices and the passage of the Black Codes by southern legislatures angered the Republicans in Congress so that they adopted a plan that was harsher on southern whites and more protective of freed blacks.

One of the most skillful politicians in Republican party. Lawyer. Tried to gain national exposure by debates with Stephen A. Douglas. The Lincoln-Douglas debates attracted much attention. Lincoln's attacks on slavery made him nationally known. He felt slavery was morally wrong, but was not an abolitionist. He felt there was not an alternative to slavery and blacks were not prepared to live on equal terms as whites. Won presidency in Election of 1860.

A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.

Secretary of War appointed by Lincoln. President Andrew Johnson dismissed him in spite of the Tenure of Office Act, and as a result, Congress wanted Johnson's impeachment., As Secretary of War, he acted as a spy for the radicals in cabinet meetings.

enacted by Radical Congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a Radical Republican from his cabinet

The political equivalent of an indictment in criminal law, prescribed by the Constitution. The House of Representatives may impeach the president by a majority vote for "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.", Formal accusation by the lower house of a legislature against a public official, the first step in removal from office.

13th: abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, 14th: secured the rights of former slaves after reconstruction, 15th: prohibits each government in the United States to prevent a citizen from voting based on their race

No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws

no voting discrimination based on race

a system used on southern farms after the civil war in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.

a political coalition in the Southern United States during the Reconstruction era, who sought to oust the Republican coalition of freedmen, carpetbaggers and scalawags. They were the southern wing of the Bourbon Democrats, who were the conservative, pro-business wing of the Democratic Party.

founded in the 1860s in the south; meant to control newly freed slaves through threats and violence; other targets: Catholics, Jews, immigrants and others thought to be un-American

The practice of an angry mob hanging a percieved criminal without regard to due process. In the South, blacks who did not behave as the inferiors to whites might be lynched by white mobs.

a tax of a fixed amount per person and payable as a requirement for the right to vote

federal agency set up in 1865 to provide food, schools, and medical care to freed slaves in the South; , The bureau's focus was to provide food, medical care, administer justice, manage abandoned and confiscated property, regulate labor, and establish schools.

a person who has been freed from slavery

no voting discrimination based on race

Head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. Example: Responsible for the construction of the NY court house; actual construction cost $3million. Project cost tax payers $13million.

one of the congressional republicans who wanted to destroy the political power of slaveholders and to give African Americans citizenship and the right to vote

The Republicans nominated General Grant for the presidency in 1868. The Republican Party supported the continuation of the Reconstruction of the South, while Grant stood on the platform of "just having peace."The Democrats nominated Horatio Seymour. Grant won the election of 1868.

Nominated by the Democrats In the 1868 election. Militant platform renouncing Reconstruction acts. VP Frank Blair. Did well in the South, but lost to Grant.

Race for the presidency between Republican Rutherford B Hayes and Democrat Samuel J Tilden. The decision of the winner came down to congress but no one knew which house should vote because the Senate was Republican and the House of Reps was Democratic. Congress created a Special Electoral Commission consisting of 5 senators, 5 House Reps, and 5 justices from the Supreme court. Votes went 8-7 in favor of Hayes.

a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism

A system of political control centering about a single powerful figure (the boss) and a complex organization of lesser figures (the machine) bound together by reciprocity in promoting financial and social self-interest.

Northerners who went to the South during Reconstruction. They carried their belongings in carpetbags, and most intended to settle in the South and make money there. Part of the radical government, they passed much needed reforms.

northern democrat who advocated making peace with the Confederacy during the Civil War

Law created by Radical Republicans that was originally vetoed by Johnson but overridden by Congress; established harsher requirements for Confederate states; divided Southern states into military districts; required states to vote to ratify 14th amendment

Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves

former vice president of the Confederacy, who claimed a seat in Congress during reconstruction under Johnson. Congress denied him and other Confederates seats in Congress

denounced the president for being a first rate second rate man for delaying on the emacipation: ardent abolitionist, founder of American Anti-Slavery Society

Lincoln issued it (Sept. 22, 1862) and freed all the slaves in the Confederate states, but slaves in Border States loyal to the Union remained enslaved. It only applied to states in rebellion (Confederate states). It led to slaves rebelling and joining the Union army and increased sympathy from Europe.

Gave blacks the privilege of American citizenship and denied states' the right to restrict blacks of their property, testify in court, and make contracts for their labor. Johnson vetoed this, but Congress voted to override the veto.

A series of post-Civil War Supreme Court cases containing the first judicial pronouncements on the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. The Court held that these amendments had been adopted solely to protect the rights of freed blacks, and could not be extended to guarantee the civil rights of other citizens against deprivations of due process by state governments. These rulings were disapproved by later decisions.

Four year economic depression caused by overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal response (refusing to coin silver)

granted citizenship to anyone born in the United States and the right for an African American to own property; created the XIV Amendment

As a belated result of the disputed election of 1876 involving Samuel J. Tilden and Rutherford B. Hayes, the Electoral Count Act of 1887 placed the responsibility of deciding electoral disputes mainly on the states themselves. Congress now counts the votes (a mere formality) on Jan. 6.

required the government to continue to withdraw greenbacks from circulation and to redeem all paper currency in gold at face value beginning in 1879.

a piece of U.S. paper money first issued by the North during the Civil War

President Grant was renominated, without opposition, at the Republican convention at Philadelphia in June 1872. The Republican platform condemned racial and religious discrimination and called for granting women greater rights. President Grant's opponent was Horace Greeley of New York. He was first nominated by the "Liberal Republicans" who wished to protest the corruption of the Grant administration. The Democrats were in such disarray that they were unable to select a candidate and therefore endorsed Greeley. Greeley's campaign primarily on the theme of "more honest government". Most Americans still found Grant popular, and were convinced that he was not responsible for the corruption in his administration. Thus, they re-elected Grant.

An American newspaper editor and founder of the Republican party. His New York Tribune was America's most influential newspaper 1840-1870. Greeley used it to promote the Whig and Republican parties, as well as antislavery and a host of reforms.

Members of the Republican party that broke away from their party because they were tired of all the corruption in the party and Grant's administration.

When Fisk and Gould bought a large amount of gold, planning to sell it for a profit. In order to lower the high price of gold, the Treasury was forced to sell $4 million in gold from its reserves.

An 1872 plot to buy up the gold supply and inflate prices. Key members of his cabinet, including Vice President Schuyler Colfax and Grant's brother -in law were implicated. Grant tried to avert the scheme by ordering four million dollars of government gold to be sold, but this caused the price of gold to crash on Black Friday

financial tycoons whom bribed officials in Grant's cabinet, including Grant's own brother-in-law, to turn a blind eye while the two wealthy businessmen attempted to corner the gold market. conned Grant himself into not releasing any more of the precious metal into the economy.

exposed in 1875, involving diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers, and distributors.

This act covered the ambiguity about elections under the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 and stated that all men would be registered to vote via the efforts of the military commanders in the 5 southern districts. This produced the most blacks by percentage to vote ever

one of the most prominent african american figures in the abolitionist movement. escaped from slavery in maryland. he was a great thinker and speaker. published his own antislavery newspaper called the north star and wrote an autobiography that was published in 1845.

was the first African American to serve in the United States Senate. Since he preceded any African American in the House, he was the first African American in the U.S. Congress as well. He represented Mississippi in 1870 and 1871 during Reconstruction. He quietly, persistently—although for the most part unsuccessfully—worked for equality.