APES Exam Review (from Practice Exams #1-2) – Flashcards

Approximate conversion efficiency of light energy to chemical energy in photosynthesis

Approximate % of electric energy converted to heat in average incandescent lightbulb

Most abundant element in Earth's crust

Most abundant element in Earth's core

Element commercially extracted from bauxite

Most often cited as a causative factor for acid deposition

Major pollutant that electrostatic precipitators are designed to remove from power-plant smokestack emissions

Country with greatest % if land area affected by desertification

Graph that represents biotic potential of a species

Legislation that best exemplifies global collaboration for a sustainable environment

What best explains why phosphorus is often a limiting factor in many ecosystems?

Negative environmental impacts associated with large-scale hydroelectric projects have been demonstrated in which area?

Trade-off approach to addressing an environmental issue is known as (ex. when a highway is constructed over wetlands, the state obtains a permit to fill an existing wetland and agrees to create a new one in accordance w/ Clean Water Act of 1972)

Polar regions are prevented form becoming progressively colder each year by

As urbanization increases and natural soil surfaces are covered, groundwater supply is reduced due to...

Annual fluctuation in CO2 concentration can best be explained by...

Economic benefits of building large dams include which of the following: (1. Storage of water for agriculture and domestic use; 2. Controlling floods upstream; 3. Production of renewable energy)

Energy source that provides the most commercial energy

The major human health problem related to radon accumulation

Process indirectly removing carbon from Earths atmosphere

Best explanation of fact that agricultural production on floodplains is often relatively high

Factor that best explains the statement that a rise in sea level has occurred in the last 100 years as a result of global warming

Natural event most likely to contribute to cooling of Earths atmosphere; volcanism

Least viable strategy for ensuring adequate nutrition for our world population that will double in 50 yrs at our current growth rate

Regulations that deal directly with the disposal of hazardous materials include what (RCRA, CWA, CAA)?

Drop in stratospheric ozone levels is most evident during which season

Strongest evidence in support of a scientists contention that a local area was experiencing acid deposition

Best describes the approximate global distribution of coal supplies

Location where 1 tectonic plate is being forced beneath another, creating a volcanic arc

Intraplate location where hot-spot volcanism is occurring

Phenomenon causing global warming occurs primarily here

Best explanation for 30 C difference between Earth's mean surface with and without an atmosphere

During an ENSO event, what best describes conditions in E part of tropical Pacific Ocean

Consumption of mosquitos by bats and flooding control provided by tropical forests in mountainous areas of C. America are examples of

If 2 soil organisms w/ similar soil moisture tolerance levels are placed together in a new location for 5 generations, what will their realized distributions look like

In 2007 there were approxiamtely 480 cars per 1,000 people in the US, so the total amount of cars was about

Two main factors would best indicating quality of life of a country's population

Most typically associated with the transition from a rural to an urbanized society

When scientists discover the existence of an emerging infectious disease, they must take immediate steps to determine the cause of the disease and the method of transmission. These steps would include

IPM approach to pest control emphasizes

Ground level ozone in most major US cities results primarily from

Major source of energy for domestic use in majority of less developed countries

3 common methods employed in oil spill cleanup

Establishes cradle to grave hazardous waste tracking

Regularly experiences worst levels of photochemical smog enhanced by thermal inversions (which city)

Best illustrates point source pollution

Acid deposition would most likely result in

Applies to economic approach of including external costs in price of goods and services (what type of pricing)

Not typically taken into account in a cost-benefit analysis of the risks associated with an environmental hazard involving human health and safety

Describes heat-island effect

When a rainforest is slashed and burned, local concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases primarily due to

large forested area fragmented into small forest tracts separated by agricultural areas will most likely lead to

greenhouse gas produced by domestic livestock

Would likely reduce threats posed by exotic species to native ones (increasing inspections of goods coming into a country, mandating that bilgewater from vessels be emptied in ports instead of open ocean, enforcing legislation restricting imported materials

Important contributor to global warming and ozone depletion

Major goal of program begun in 1995 for reintroduction of gray wolf into Yellowstone National Park