Nutrition ~ Lesson 3 – Flashcards
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The pyloric valve:
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controls the flow of chyme into the small intestine.
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The esophagus:
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regulates the movement of food into the stomach.
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Your friend Annette complains of chronic heartburn. Which of the following suggestions might be helpful to her?
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Wear loose jeans rather than tight ones.
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The sack that holds the urine until time for elimination is known as the:
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bladder.
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Your friend Cindy complains to you that she has been constipated lately. Which of the following suggestions would be LEAST beneficial?
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Take a laxative.
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The smallest units in which independent life can exist are ________.
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cells
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Which of the following cells releases antibodies into the bloodstream?
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B-cells
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Nutrients can affect the genes.
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True
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The average time food spends in the stomach is:
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1 to 2 hours.
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Which of the following is recommended for curing a hangover?
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time
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The chemical responsible for emulsifying fats to ready them for enzymatic digestion is:
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bile.
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The colon's task is mostly to:
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reabsorb water and absorb minerals.
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All blood leaving the digestive system is routed directly to the liver.
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True
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Which of the following can affect the time it takes the average person to metabolize one alcoholic drink?
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A person's size, how recently the person has eaten, and previous drinking experience.
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Protein is the only nutrient that begins to be digested in the mouth.
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False
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Bicarbonate is responsible for:
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neutralizing the stomach acid that has reached the small intestine.
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________ allow materials to be exchanged between the blood and tissues, ________ carry blood towards the heart, and ________ carry blood away from the heart.
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Capillaries, veins, arteries
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Which of the following cells can engulf and destroy antigens?
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phagocytes
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The major hormone that elicits the stress response is:
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epinephrine.
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All of the following are results of the stress response EXCEPT:
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pupils of the eyes narrow.
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What is the organ of the body where blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide wastes?
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lungs
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Which organ releases insulin when it detects a high concentration of the blood's sugar, glucose?
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pancreas
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Which of the following tastes seem to be universally enjoyed?
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sweet and salty
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If a substance is not absorbed through the digestive tract, it will be excreted via the:
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feces.
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A typical transit time for a meal is:
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one to three days.
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The normal pH of blood is between:
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7.35 and 7.45
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The majority of digestion occurs in the:
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small intestine.
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Within about 24 to 48 hours of eating, a healthy body digests and absorbs about ________ percent of the energy nutrients in a meal.
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90%
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All of the following are long-term effects of alcohol abuse EXCEPT:
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type 1 diabetes.
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All of the following are long-term effects of alcohol abuse:
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-impaired immune response.
-osteoporosis.
-ulcers.
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Chemical substances other than alcohol that account for some of the physiological effects of alcoholic beverages, such as aftereffects, are called:
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congeners.
