Give Me Liberty Chapter 21 – Flashcards

Transformed American economy and landscape; Roosevelt administration built dams, bridges, roads, hospitals, and educational facilities.

Democratic president from 1932-1940. Created New Deal and tried to help the country recuperate from the depression

A series of new reforms with the goal of ending the economic depression. Was a big change from Hoover because it showed that the government cared.

The day that FDR closed all banks until they were property evaluated; only the stable ones would be approved and permitted to reopen. This ensured the safety of banks to people (used fireside chats to explain)

A government legislation passed during the depression that dealt with the bank problem. The act allowed a plan which would close down insolvent banks and reorganize and reopen those banks strong enough to survive.

Intense political activity after the election of FDR where over 15 pieces of legislation were passed within 100 days. Although many of the programs didn't work, they showed that the government cared about its people and was trying.

Government agency that was part of the New Deal and dealt with the industrial sector of the economy. It allowed industries to create fair competition which were intended to reduce destructive competition and to help workers by setting minimum wages and maximum weekly hours.

A major public works program in the United States during the Great Depression. 200,000 young men given housing and food, with a pay check. Had a lot of environmental projects, included black men but not women.

Spent $4 billion on dams, transportation, schools, and public building construction. Had 2.6 million workers within first 30 days.

Hydroelectric network supplied cheap power to a poor area. Very successful because created jobs, provided flood control, recreational areas and jobs. Gave electricity and running water to the community.

Gave subsidies to farmers to cut production so that prices went up; brought farmers more purchasing power. This didn't help sharecroppers.

Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages.

A federal agency established in 1943 to increase home ownership by providing an insurance program to safeguard the lender against the risk of nonpayment.

An agency created in 1934 that monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds to prevent another depression

Ended prohibition by repealing the 18th amendment

A federation of labor union for all unskilled workers. It provided a national labor union for unskilled workers, unlike the AFL, which limited itself to skilled workers.

Work stoppage in which workers shut down all machines and refuse to leave a factory until their demands are met.

Lack of consumer demand leading to a stalemate in the economy. Resulted in gov raising the income of wage earners.

Huey Long's kingfish idea because the depression caused an uneven distribution of wealth. Wanted to tax 80% of wealthy's money and distribute it evenly among the poor. Resulted in highly publicized taxes on large fortunes

A plan proposed by Francis Townsend in 1933 that would give $200 a month to citizens over the age of sixty. Townsend Clubs sprang up across the country in support of the plan, mobilizing mass support for old-age pensions.

1935; made electricity available at low rates to American farm families in areas that private power companies refused to service.

New set of programs in the spring of 1935 including additional banking reforms, new tax laws, new relief programs

New Deal agency that helped create jobs for those that needed them. It created around 9 million jobs working on bridges, roads, and buildings.

guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

1935; established National Labor Relations Board; protected the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands.

A government that undertakes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens through programs in public health and public housing and pensions and unemployment compensation etc.

The informal radio conversations Roosevelt had with the people to keep spirits up. It was a means of communicating with the people on how he would take on the depression.

election between FDR and Alf Landon; most lopsided election in US history with FDR getting all the electoral votes

FDR's plan to curb the power of the Court by proposing a bill to allow the president to name a new federal judge for each who did not retire by age 70 and 1/2. At the time, 6 justices were over the age limit. Would have increased the number of justices from 9 to 15, giving FDR a majority of his own appointees on the court. Congress did not pass the court-packing bill. FDR seen as dictator

set a floor for wage rates, and explain at least a fraction of unemployment

Theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes, stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms.

FDR's Wife and New Deal supporter. Was a great supporter of civil rights and opposed the Jim Crow laws. She also worked for birth control and better conditions for working women

1930's legislation that gave Indians greater control of their own affairs and provided further funding for schools and hospitals.

Black woman appointed by FDR to head national youth administration; resulted in many blacks deserting Rep party for democratic FDR, helped direct attention to racial injustice.

he practice of, in the United States, denying, or charging more for, services such as banking, insurance, access to health care, or even supermarkets, or denying jobs to residents in particular, often racially determined, areas.

A coalition lead by the American Communist Party; supported Fraklin Roosevelt and The New Deal; mobilized intellectuals towards social criticism. Worked against racism significantly, popular in mid 1930s.

A group of nine black youths who rode the rails and were unfairly accused of and punished for raping two white women on the train, but supreme court decided they deserved a fair trial.

Law passed in 1940 that made it a criminal offense to advocate violent overthrow of the government or to organize or be a member of any group or society devoted to such advocacy.

The House of Representatives established this in order to investigate "subversion," or disloyal Americans/communists