Mastering – Flashcards

-Lymphatics have valves, while veins do not. -Lymphatics lack the three tunics present in veins. -Lymphatics transport fluids toward the heart. *-Permeability of the walls*

-The lymphatic system makes blood cells through a process known as hematopoiesis. -The lymphatic system produces high fluid pressures. -The lymphatic system transports blood and lymph throughout the body. *-The lymphatic system returns leaked fluid and plasma proteins that escape from the bloodstream to the blood*

*-small heart-like pumps* -gravity -the milking action of muscles -pulmonary motion

-lacteals -trabeculae *-minivalves* -fibroblasts

-increasing pressure in the interstitial space -inflammation of tissues surrounding lymphatic capillaries -anchoring of endothelial cells to adjacent structures by collagen fibers *-increasing pressure inside the lymph capillary *

-jugular trunk -right lymphatic duct *-thoracic duct* -subclavian trunk

-the right upper limb, the right side of the head and thorax, and the right lower limb *-the right upper limb, the right side of the head, and the thorax* -the left upper limb, the left side of the head and thorax, and both lower limbs -the digestive organs and lower limbs

-cisterna chyli -subclavian trunk -jugular trunk *-thoracic duct*

*-venous circulation: From the terminal lymphatic ducts, lymph rejoins venous circulation via the subclavian veins.* -lymph nodes -arterial circulation -the liver for detoxification

-Lymph is collected from atrial to venous anastomoses. *-Lymph is excess fluid formed from plasma that accumulates in the tissues as interstitial fluid.* -Lymph is collected from fluid that accumulates in veins as blood slowly circulates back toward the heart. -Lymph is secreted into the lymph vessels.

-lymph nodes *-erythrocytes* -lymphatic vessels -lymph

-CNS -bones and teeth -bone marrow *-digestive organs*

True

True

True

True

*-thymus* -lymph nodes -spleen -tonsils

-Peyer's patches of the intestine -tonsils *-pancreas* -spleen

*-more permeable than blood capillaries* -less permeable than blood capillaries -as permeable as blood capillaries -completely impermeable

*-B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.* -T cells are the precursors of B cells. -The two main types are T cells and macrophages. -T cells are the only form of lymphocyte found in lymphoid tissue.

*-Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.* -Lymphoid macrophages secrete antibodies into the blood. -Once a lymphocyte enters the lymphoid tissue, it resides there permanently. -T lymphocytes act by ingesting foreign substances.

-hilus -subcapsular sinus -medulla *-cortex: The lymphoid follicles of the cortex contain germinal centers dominated by B cells, which produce antibodies against antigenic agents.*

*-They filter lymph: Lymph nodes are rich with macrophages, B cells, and T cells; therefore, the lymph nodes are primed for activating the immune system. Structurally, lymph nodes have a capsule and medullary chords and sinuses that serve to filter lymph fluid.* -They produce red blood cells. -They produce lymph. -They return lymph to circulation.

True: Afferent vessels deliver lymph to the lymph node. The lymph then filters through the subcapsular sinus of the node and then into a number of smaller sinuses that cut through the node's cortex and lead into the medulla. Eventually, lymph exits the node via the hilum and is carried away by efferent vessels.

-the cortical sinus -afferent lymphatic vessels -the subcapsular sinus *-efferent lymphatic vessels*

-mini-valves -the viscous nature of lymph -the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages *-fewer efferent vessels draining it compared to many afferent vessels feeding it*

-medulla -trabeculae *-cortex: Dendritic cells are tightly associated with B and T lymphocytes in the lymph node cortex.* -capsule

-in the inferior neck and extending into the superior thorax, partially overlying the heart deep to the sternum -forming a ring of lymphoid tissue around the entrance to the pharynx (throat) *-in the left side of the abdominal cavity just beneath the diaphragm and curled around the anterior aspect of the stomach* -in the wall of the distal portion of the small intestines

-immune surveillance -erythropoiesis *-removal of aged and damaged red blood cells from the blood* -storage of platelets

the tonsils the lymph nodes the thymus *the spleen*

-the esophagus *-the passage from the pharynx to the middle ear* -the nasal passages -the trachea

tubal tonsils palatine tonsils lingual tonsil *pharyngeal tonsil*

small intestine

lingual tonsils

*-tonsillar crypts* -tonsillar corpuscles -germinal centers -lymphoid follicles

False: The thymus is prominent in newborns and it continues to increase in size until the child is about a year old. After puberty, the thymus begins to diminish in size. Unlike the other lymphoid tissues/organs, the thymus does not directly combat foreign antigens. Rather, the exclusive role of the thymus is to foster T cell maturation (not B cell maturation). Structurally, the thymus is the only lymphoid tissue/organ that lacks reticular fibers.

thymus

thymus