Chapter 5- AP Government – Flashcards

Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals

made "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" citizens of the country

part of the fourteenth amendment emphasizing that the laws must provide equivalent "protection" to all people.

1857: supreme court case in which an ex-slave sued for his freedom in Missouri and lost; judges ignored the "once free, always free" law

abolished slavery

sumpreme court ruled that segregation public places facilities were legal as long as the facilites were equal

School segregation unconstitutional; segregation psychologically damaging to blacks; overturned separate but equal; use of 14th Amendment

the law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination

the right to vote

Banned states from denying African Americans the right to vote

required citizens of a state to pay a special tax in order to vote

the practice of keeping blacks from voting in the southern states' primaries through arbitrary use of registration requirements and intimidation.

Prohibits poll tax in federal elections

a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage

Supreme Court decision that ended exclusion of Mexican Americans from juries in Texas. 1954

1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans.

granted women the right to vote in 1920

constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender

the landmark case in 1971 in which the supreme court for the first time upheld a claim of gender discrimination. ,m

In this 1976 ruling, the Supreme Court established the "medium scrutiny" standard for determining gender discrimination.

a law passed in 1990 that requires employers and public facilities to make "reasonable accomodations" for people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination against these individuals in employment

Court ruling that colleges and universities could legitimately consider race as a factor in the admissions process.

programs intended to make up for past discrimination by helping minority groups and women gain access to jobs and opportunities