Anatomy Ch.5 Test#1 – Flashcards

For safety, many times before surgery the hospital staff and anesthesiologist or anesthetist request that a patient_____________.

The patient least likely to develop a bedsore would be which of the following?

The immediate threat to life from serious burns is __________.

The proximal nail fold projects onto the nail body as the __________.

Thick skin __________.

The plexus of blood vessels that nourishes the deeper dermis and the hypodermis is the __________ plexus.

What is the fate of melanin above the stratum basale in dark-skinned people

What is the average length of the active phase of a hair follicle in the scalp?

If hair is round in cross section that indicates that the hair is __________.

Melanoma is recognized clinically by the __________ rule

Most aspects of skin aging are caused by "photoaging." Characteristics of photoaged skin include __________.

Modified sweat glands in the breasts are __________ glands.

Which primary layer of the skin contains melanocytes?

Which layer of the integument contains the stratum basale?

Which tissue layer deep to the integument acts as a shock and thermal insulator?

Which primary layer of the skin provides a pink undertone to Caucasian skin?

When doctors make incisions on the body based on the lines of cleavage of the skin, these cleavage lines are based on the arrangement of collagen fibers in which layer of the skin?

Diffusion of chemicals from a transdermal patch must reach what layer of the skin to be effective?

Which primary layer of the skin contains lamellated granules that aid in waterproofing?

Identify the layer of the skin that contains most of the sensory receptors.

Following their production in red bone marrow, dendritic cells circulate to what primary layer of the skin?

Visible stretch marks on the skin surface are actually the result of microscopic tears in collagen fibers in which layer?

When a blister forms due to friction, liquid pools between the epidermis and what other layer of the integument?

If you were to have liposuction, you would have tissue removed from which layer?

Which layer of the integument is found deep to the dermis?

The cells in the skin that store the most melanin granules are

Light-skinned people have less melanin in the superficial layers of their epidermis because

Which layer of the epidermis contains keratohyalin granules and lamellated granules

The reticular layer of the dermis consists of ________ connective tissue

In the thick skin of the palm, the layer of the epidermis directly deep to the stratum corneum is the stratum ________.

Lamellated granules

The thickness of skin is determined by the presence of the stratum lucidum and the thickness of the

The subpapillary plexus

The color of red or blonde hair is due to

The most external layer of a hair shaft is the

Pimples begin

Tattoos are permanent because

In the ABCD rule of skin cancer, the letter B stands for

Which of the following is a sensory receptor?

Which of the following is not a current hypothesis proposed for the evolution of skin color

A(n) ________ responds to the movement of a single hair.

The only cell type found superficial to the stratum spinosum in the epidermis is the

In the ABCD rule for recognizing melanoma, the letter D stands for

Damage to the hair ________ would prevent hair growth.

Skin consists of two distinct tissue layers:

Keratinocytes begin to die in the stratum granulosum

Consumer goods made of leather are produced from the subcutaneous adipose layer of animals.

Which layer of the integument are toenails and fingernails derived from?

Which layer of the skin invaginates downward to form sebum-producing glands?

Is the human integumentary system best adapted for hot or cold climates?

The type of sweat gland that begins to function at puberty and is involved in sexual signaling is

The proximal nail fold is also called the nail's

The lunule, which represents the thickest part of the nail matrix is found at the

The coarse hairs in the skin of the perineum and axillary regions are all ________ hairs.

Which is the most abundant and widespread type of sweat gland?

Since both hair and skin contain keratin, the hair shaft is most comparable to what part of the epidermis?

The black part of a blackhead is

The "cheesy" layer on the skin of a newborn is

Lanugo hair is replaced in a fetus by

Soft keratin is present in the

white half-moon visible under the proximal part of a fingernail is the

Cleavage lines

sebaceous gland is classified as a ________ gland.

The epidermis is a keratinized ________ epithelium.

Goose bumps" on the skin are due to action of the

Which statement is not part of the explanation for male pattern baldness?

Holocrine secretion

type of skin cancer that arises from keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum is

A partial-thickness burn involves

As a person balds, terminal hair is replaced by

Chemotherapy causes hair loss because these drugs specifically target rapidly dividing cells in the hypodermis.

Nutrients enter a hair follicle through the

If you are truly "smelly" after a workout that causes you to work up a sweat, the smell is due to secretions from your eccrine glands.

Sebaceous glands secrete oil onto the surface of the epidermis via the

The contraction of skeletal muscle cells of the arrector pili muscles, attached to hair follicles, causes "goose bumps."

Ceruminous glands of the ear canal are modified sebaceous glands.

on the rule of nines, approximately what percent of the total body surface covers the anterior and posterior torso?

The type of burn in which the epidermis and part of the dermis are damaged is ________ degree.

Any condition involving absence or loss of hair is called

Which connective tissue layer is discussed in the chapter on the integumentary system but is truly not a part of it?

The integumentary organs that are derived from mesoderm and function in thermoregulation are

The letter A in the ABCD rule for melanoma detection stands for

Skin cancers are the most common types of cancer in the United States, and the most important risk factor is overexposure to ultraviolet radiation.

An immediate concern with a burn patient is loss of fluids, so fluids must be administered immediately.

First-degree burns are the most severe type of burn.

An appendage or layer of the skin that does not develop from ectoderm is the

The type of skin cancer that is most common and has the lowest metastasis rate is

Since apocrine glands are almost inactive until puberty, they may function primarily in

Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can lead to skin cancer, but minimal UVR exposure can lead to

What is true of all epidermal cell layers superficial to the stratum granulosum?

In what way is thin skin different from thick skin?

Thick skin contains an additional layer (stratum).

What is the importance of vitamin D synthesis in the epidermis?

The separation of the epidermis from the dermis by a fluid-filled pocket due to short-term friction is a __________.

The body hairs of women and children, as well as hairs on the heads of nearly bald men, are __________ hairs.

The plexus of blood vessels that nourishes the superficial dermis and the epidermis is the __________ plexus.

Which of the following statements are false concerning skin pigmentation? (Choose all that apply.)

If hair is oval in cross-section that indicates that the hair is __________.

Eccrine sweat glands are coiled versions of what type of exocrine gland?

In a vellus hair (or a fine hair), which of the three concentric layers is missing? __________

Silvery white scars resulting from extreme obesity or pregnancy are a result of tearing of the collagen in the dermis and are called __________.

__________ ridges increase friction and the gripping ability of the hands and feet.

Both sebaceous glands and apocrine sweat glands begin functioning at puberty under the influence of __________.

The ABCD or ABCD (E) rule is used for recognizing __________.

Apocrine sweat gland

sebaceous gland

eccrine sweat gland

root hair plexus

cuticle

lunula

Which type of cell is found in all layers of the epidermis?

The stratum corneum __________.

Melanocytes __________.

What is the "Rule of Nines"?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the hypodermis?

cutaneous plexus .

reticular layer

lines of cleavage

hypodermis

papillary layer

subpapillary plexus

Hair covering a fetus of five to six months is called __________.

An increase in melanin that is restricted to the basal layer of the epidermis is a __________.

Heart failure or severe respiratory disorders may cause hemoglobin to be poorly oxygenated, resulting in __________.

Modified sweat glands that line the external ear canal are __________ glands

Apocrine sweat gland secretions are involved with sexual signaling and have been identified as true human __________.

What is the fate of melanin above the stratum basale in light-skinned people?

A burn that causes blistering and in which the epidermis and the upper part of the dermis are injured is a __________-degree burn.

Why can humans dissipate heat so well, compared to other animals?

The stratum basale (germinativum) consists of two rows of cells, mostly stem cells representing the youngest keratinocytes.

Which of the following epidermal cells are the most abundant, are tightly connected to one another by a large number of desmosomes, and arise from cells that undergo almost continuous mitosis?

Which of the following is not an appendage of the integument?

keratinocytes

keratohyalin

Langerhans cells

melanocytes

Lines of cleavage, or tension lines of the skin, are found in which integumentary layer?

The layer immediately deep to the skin is called the __________.

Each hair follicle goes through growth cycles. The __________ phase is when the hair matrix is inactive.

first-degree burn

basal cell carcinoma

melanoma

second-degree burn

nails

ceruminous glands

apocrine sweat gland

sebaceous glands

Tension lines of the skin or lines of cleavage are formed by separations or less dense regions between the collagen bundles of the reticular layer of the dermis.

Sebaceous glands are simple branched alveolar glands with several alveoli opening into a simple duct, but the alveoli are actually filled with cells, so there is no lumen.

The most superficial layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum is many cells thick. It is comprised of dead __________.

The ABCD rule for recognizing melanoma is which of the following?

Regarding skin cancer, __________ is the least malignant and most common.

corneum

stratum basale

stratum spinosum

stratum granulosum

The body hair of women and children is of what type?

The melanocytes produce the dark skin pigment melanin; naturally, these cells contain more melanin than do the keratinocytes.

The short, fine body hair of children and women is of the __________ variety, whereas the longer, coarser hair of everyone's scalp is of the terminal variety.

The mammary glands are specialized sweat glands.

alopecia

impetigo

cold sores

boils and carbuncles