APUSH Period 6 (1865-1898) – Flashcards

A set of acts that gave railroad companies loans and large land grants that could be sold to pay for construction costs

Railroad line that linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system; constructed by the *Central Pacific* and *Union Pacific* railroads; completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah

the methods of labor management to streamline the processes of mass production in which each worker repeatedly performs one specific task

Wealthy owner of Standard Oil Company. Considered to be a robber baron who used ruthless tactics to eliminate other businesses. Built trusts and used money to influence government.

Steel. Gets bought out by banker JP Morgan and renamed U.S. Steel. Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration by buying all the steps needed for production. Was a philanthropist. Was one of the "Robber barons"

Quality of life based on ownership of necessities and luxuries that make life easier.

A group of corporations run by a single board of directors

a company created to buy and possess the shares of other companies, which it then controls.

Statement of U.S. foreign policy toward China. Issued by U.S. secretary of state John Hay (1899), the statement reaffirmed the principle that all countries should have equal access to any Chinese port open to trade.

An extension of the Monroe Doctrine formulated in the 1880s that aimed to rally Latin American nations behind U.S. leadership and to open their markets to American traders.

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs.

1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed

100,000 workers rioted in Chicago. After the police fired into the crowd, the workers met and rallied to protest police brutality. A bomb exploded, killing or injuring many of the police. The Chicago workers and the man who set the bomb were immigrants, so the incident promoted anti-immigrant feelings.

1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.

After the Civil War, southerners promoted a new vision for a self-sufficient southern economy built on modern capitalist values, industrial growth, and improved transportation. Henry Grady played an important role.

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.

A business that is owned by the members it serves and is managed in their interest.

Originally a social organization between farmers, it developed into a political movement for government ownership of railroads

A party made up of farmers and laborers that wanted direct election of senators and an 8hr working day

Populists campaigned for silver-backed money rather than gold-backed, believed to be able to relieve working conditions and exploitation of labor

Democratic candidate for president in 1896 under the banner of "free silver coinage" which won him support of the Populist Party.

The second major wave of immigration to the U.S.; betwen 1865-1910, 25 million new immigrants arrived. Unlike earlier immigration, which had come primarily from Western and Northern Europe, the New Immigrants came mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe, fleeing persecution and poverty. Language barriers and cultural differences produced mistrust by Americans.

Popular novelist during the Industrial Revolution who wrote "rags to riches" books praising the values of hard work

Nativist organization that attacked "New Immigrants" and Roman Catholicism in the 1880s and 1890s.

a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism

head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. Between 1868 and 1869 he led a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city. Example: Responsible for the construction of the NY court house; actual construction cost $3million. Project cost tax payers $13million.

A variety of shows with dancing, singing, comedy, and magic acts

First discovered in 1858 by Henry Comstock, some of the most plentiful and valuable silver was found here, causing many Californians to migrate here, and settle Nevada.

Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25.

This states that when hard times hit, the unemployed move west, took up farming and became prosperous. With the close of the frontier the less fortunate had no place to start a new life, thus leading to urban overcrowding and inner city problems.

an attack on a village of sleeping Cheyenne Indians by a regiment of Colorado militiamen on 29 November 1864 that resulted in the death of more than 200 tribal members

War between the 7th Calvary and Sioux, United under Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull. Indians surround and kill Custer and his men. Battle of Little Bighorn

1890 U.S. cavalry slaughter of 300 Native Americans effectively marketing the end of the Indian Wars on the Great Plain

1887 law which gave all Native American males 160 acres to farm and also set up schools to make Native American children more like other Americans

A ritual the Sioux performed to bring back the buffalo and return the Native American tribes to their land.

An economic system based on a free market, open competition, profit motive and private ownership of the means of production.

A political and economic system that advocates that certain means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the government.

A social theory which states that the level a person rises to in society and wealth is determined by their genetic background.

This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. This softened the harshness of Social Darwinism as well as promoted the idea of philanthropy.

A railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical.

an ideal society

unemployed workers marched from Ohio to Washington to draw attention to the plight of workers and to ask for government relief

group that lived in New York; it was a Utopian society that believed in polygamy and communal ownership of property and of raising children; they later made silverware

Control of mating to ensure that "defective" genes of troublesome individuals will not be passed on to future generations.

Head of the American Railway Union and director of the Pullman strike; he was imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a federal court injunction to stop striking. While in prison, he read Socialist literature and emerged as a Socialist leader in America.

Late 19th century movement Protestant movement preaching that all true Christians should be concerned with the plight of immigrants and other poor residents of American cities and should financially support efforts to improve lives of these poor urban dwellers. Settlement houses were often financed by funds raised by ministers of this movement.

Term applied to the one-party (Democrat) system of the South following the Civil War. For 100 years after the Civil War, the South voted Democrat in every presidential election.

Organization founded in 1874 to fight against alcohol abuse

An organization founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in 1890 that fought for women's rights and suffrage. Carrie Chapman Catt became president of the organization in 1900 and she shifted the focus to adding a constitutional amendment for women's suffrage.

1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom.

(1815-1902) A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the Declaration of Sentiments which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women. Co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony in 1869.

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

African American journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores. Co-founder of the NAACP.

Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. His book "Up from Slavery."

founded NAACP and argued that African Americans should press for an immediate end to segregation and economic and political justice; urged for the talented tenth to take the lead