Viruses – Flashcards
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genome
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The pointer is indicating the virus's _____.
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transcription
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Viral DNA makes mRNA by the process of _____.
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reproductive machinery
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Viral DNA co-opts the cell's _______________
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capsid, envelope with glycoproteins, capsomere (core protein)
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viruses only
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ribosomes
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host cell only
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DNA, RNA, protein
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both
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genetic material (either DNA or RNA), capsid (protein shell)
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Viruses are infectious particles that contain ________________ surrounded by a ______________. Some viruses also have a membranous envelope that contains glycoproteins.
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The capsid enters the host cell if the virus is enveloped.
HIV contains reverse transcriptase.
Enveloped viruses bud from the host cell.
A retrovirus contains RNA.
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Which statements about viruses are true?
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nonenveloped and enveloped.
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Viruses are classified into two major groups: ___________________.
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single-stranded RNA
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The genetic material of HIV consists of _____.
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two
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The genetic material of HIV consists of _____ molecules of single-stranded RNA
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Glycoproteins
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____________ on the viral envelope recognize and bind to receptors on the host cell.
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It catalyzes the formation of DNA from an RNA template.
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What is the function of reverse transcriptase?
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host cell membrane
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What is the source of a viral envelope?
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C
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Which of these is reverse transcriptase?
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E
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Which of these is the viral genome?
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RNA
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HIV is an _____ virus.
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reverse transcriptase
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Click on the diagram to start the animation. What enzyme is responsible for the process seen here?
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DNA, RNA
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Reverse transcriptase catalyzes the formation of _____ from an _____ template
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provirus
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Double-stranded viral DNA is incorporated into a host cell as a _____.
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double-stranded viral DNA
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"Provirus" is the name given to _________________ that has been incorporated into a host cell's genome.
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pandemic
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A disease that spreads rapidly around the world is called a(n) ___________.
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B cells
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A new disease emerges and exists only as a free-floating virus. Which of the following will make antibiotics against this?
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T cells
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What kind of cell can recognize infected cells and kill them directly?
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proteins
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You are an immunologist working on a new flu vaccine that attacks molecules with the same basic make-up as hemagglutinin. What is your area of expertise?
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Influenza A, B, and C
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The best flu vaccine would work to prevent people from which of the following?
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60 million
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Approximately how many people worldwide are infected with AIDS?
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a retrovirus
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You are an epidemiologist studying a new disease very similar to AIDS. Most likely, this new disease is caused by what?
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Kaposi's sarcoma is a symptom of AIDS.
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Which of the following is true?
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blood or semen
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AIDS can be contracted by contact with which of the following?
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For the rest of their life.
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How long must AIDS patients take their medication?
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Viruses are made of cells
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Which of the following is FALSE about viruses?
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-a new strain of influenza evolves.
-genes from different virus strains are combined in a single virus.
-last year's influenza vaccine is not effective against this year's most common strain.
-a new influenza strain has the ability to "jump" hosts from pigs to humans.
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A consequence of reassortment in viruses like influenza could be that
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a sequence of amino acids.
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A virus's genome could NOT be in the form of
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-DNA is made from an RNA template
-mRNA is made from an RNA template
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Check ALL of the following that give examples of how viral gene expression can defy the "central dogma" of biology.
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-Reassortment can be used by researchers in the lab to produce "live attenuated" vaccines.
-Reassortment can lead to the evolution of new strains of influenza.
-Reassortment can recombine genetic elements from different influenza strains.
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Check ALL of the following that are possible consequences of reassortment in viruses.
