Exam 4 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
The pressure in the large systemic veins leading into the heart is called what?
answer
Central Venous Pressure
question
Closure of the atrioventricular valve occurs when ________.
answer
Pressure inside the ventricle is greater than pressure inside the atrium
question
Under resting conditions, heart rate is primarily under the control of what control system?
answer
the parasympathetic nervous system
question
Which of the following components of an ECG represents ventricular repolarization?
answer
T wave
question
At rest, systole lasts longer than diastole.
answer
FALSE
question
During which phase of the cardiac cycle are all four heart valves open?
answer
NONE
question
Which chamber of the heart has the thickest musculature?
answer
Left ventricle
question
All veins return blood to the heart.
answer
TRUE
question
Which of the following variables is NOT involved in the regulation of stroke volume?
answer
Parasympathetic Nervous Activity
question
The right ventricle of the heart pumps ______________blood into the______________.
answer
Deoxygenated, Pulmonary Arteries
question
The preload is approximately the same as the ________.
answer
end-diastolic pressure (EDP)
question
The volume of blood ejected from the heart during one beat is known as ________.
answer
Stroke Volume (SV)
question
The term autorhythmicity refers to the heart's ability to ________.
answer
generate its own contractile cycle
question
According to Starling's Law, as venous return increases, end-systolic volume increases.
answer
FALSE
question
Which of the following components of blood contains hemoglobin?
answer
Erythrocytes (Red blood Cells)
question
The SA node is innervated by ________.
answer
the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
question
The end-diastolic volume minus the end-systolic volume is the ________.
answer
Stroke Volume
question
Which of the following is true of the ventricular filling phase of the cardiac cycle?
answer
Ventricular pressure is less than aortic pressure.
question
Which of the following structures is POORLY innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system, therefore, an increase in parasympathetic activity has little effect on this structure?
answer
Ventricles
question
Which of the following describes the effect of end-diastolic volume on stroke volume?
answer
An increase in end-diastolic volume stretches ventricular muscle cells to lengths closer to optimum, increasing the strength of contraction and thereby increasing stroke volume.
question
The primary(highest) site of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid occurs across what type of blood vessel?
answer
Capillaries
question
The phase of the cardiac cycle where the heart undergoes Ventricular Contraction is known as ______; and the phase in which the heart undergoes Ventricular Relaxation is known as ______.
answer
Systole; diastole
question
What is the average pressure during a cardiac cycle?
answer
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
-Overall driving force for blood to reach organs
question
The classic "lubb-DUPP" heard with a stethoscope is the sound of the valves closing
answer
FALSE
The sound is caused by the TURBULENT BLOOD flow against the closed valve
question
Under Neural Control of the HR, the sympathetic nervous system increases HR by ______ the pacemaker cells
answer
Depolarizing
-Parasympathetic slows HR by hyperpolarizing pacemaker cells
question
Which of these affects SV?
answer
Afterload
EDV
Ventricular Contractility
question
Which of these INCREASE Cardiac Output?
answer
Decreasing Parasympathetic activity to the heart
question
Which DECREASE Cardiac Output?
answer
Decreasing HR
Decreasing SV
Decreasing Sympathetic activity
question
The Starling curve describes the ____ relationship btw _____ and EDV
answer
positive; SV
-It shows how an increase in EDV causes an increase in SV, and vice-versa.
question
Which of the following equations is correct?
answer
cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate
question
The respiratory pump facilitates the return of blood to the heart by ________.
answer
raising the pressure gradient between abdominal and thoracic veins during inspiration
question
Where is the cardiovascular control center?
answer
medulla oblongata
question
What is the purpose of extrinsic control of arteriolar smooth muscle contractile activity?
answer
regulate mean arterial pressure (MAP)
question
Which of the following chemical's concentration is NOT increased by an elevation in metabolic activity?
answer
oxygen
--increasing metabolic rate -decrease in oxygen and increase in carbon dioxide
question
Arteries have ________ compliance and ________ resistance.
answer
low, low
question
As mean arterial pressure increases, the ________, informing the medulla oblongata that blood pressure has indeed increased.
answer
frequency of action potentials from the baroreceptors increases
question
An increase in the volume of blood ejected from the heart, with no change in total peripheral resistance, would ________.
answer
elevate mean arterial pressure
question
What type of adrenergic receptor is found in the smooth muscle of most systemic arterioles?
answer
alpha only
question
The high compliance of veins allows them to ________.
answer
accommodate large volumes of blood with little change in pressure
question
Pressure is equal to...
answer
Flow x Resistance
question
______ is the force that drives blood flow through the systemic circuit
answer
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
question
Cardiac Output is equal to...
answer
SV x HR
question
The largest arteries are highly elastic, allowing them to act as a _____ that maintain the driving force of blood flow during relaxation of the heart
answer
Pressure Reservoir
question
Arteries are characterized by ____ resistance and ____ compliance, compared to arterioles
answer
low; low
question
What blood vessels primarily regulate resistance to blood flow?
answer
Arterioles
question
An increase in metabolic activity causes an increase in blood flow called
answer
Active Hyperemia
question
A decrease in blood pressure in an arteriole begins a ...
answer
Myogenic Response
question
_____ is causes by increased metabolic activity, while ____ is cause by the release of an occlusion to blood flow.
answer
Active Hyperemia; Reactive hyperemia
question
Nitric oxide is secreted by _____ cells and causes ____
answer
endothelial; vasodilation
