RR9 (Chapter 17 – Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein) – Flashcards

Which of the following best describes the significance of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters? It is the recognition site for a specific transcription factor. It sets the reading frame of the mRNA. It is the recognition site for ribosomal binding. Its significance has not yet been determined.

Which of the following does not occur in prokaryotic gene expression, but does occur in eukaryotic gene expression? RNA polymerase binds to the promoter. RNA polymerase requires a primer to elongate the molecule. mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are transcribed. A cap is added to the 5' end of the mRNA.

Transcription in eukaryotes requires which of the following in addition to RNA polymerase? start and stop codons aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase several transcription factors ribosomes and tRNA

Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes? Once transcription has initiated, RNA polymerase transcribes until it reaches the end of the chromosome. RNA polymerase transcribes through the polyadenylation signal, causing proteins to associate with the transcript and cut it free from the polymerase. RNA polymerase transcribes through a stop codon, causing the polymerase to stop advancing through the gene and release the mRNA. RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript.

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following? The same codons in different organisms translate into different amino acids. DNA was the first genetic material. Different organisms have different types of amino acids. A gene from an organism can theoretically be expressed by any other organism.

What does it mean when we say the genetic code is redundant? A single codon can specify the addition of more than one amino acid. The genetic code is different for different domains of organisms. The genetic code is universal (the same for all organisms). More than one codon can specify the addition of the same amino acid.

A primary transcript in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is _____ the functional mRNA, while a primary transcript in a prokaryotic cell is _____ the functional mRNA. the same size as; larger than larger than; smaller than the same size as; smaller than larger than; the same size as

Once researchers identified DNA as the unit of inheritance, they asked how information was transferred from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. What is the mechanism of information transfer in eukarotes? DNA from a single gene is replicated and transferred to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. Transfer RNA takes information from DNA directly to a ribosome, where protein synthesis takes place. Messenger RNA is transcribed from a single gene and transfers information from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis takes place. Proteins transfer information from the nucleus to the ribosome, where protein synthesis takes place.

Which of the following occurs in prokaryotes but not in eukaryotes? post-transcriptional splicing concurrent transcription and translation gene regulation translation in the absence of a ribosome

Which of the following contradicts the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis? Alkaptonuria results when individuals lack a single enzyme involved in the catalysis of homogentisic acid. Lactose intolerance is caused by a defective lactase gene. A single kinase gene can code for different related proteins, depending on the splicing that takes place post-transcriptionally. A mutation in a single gene can result in a defective protein.