Psychology SG 4 – Flashcards

What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobic disorder? a. Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger. b. Generalized anxiety disorder is linked to a specific trigger while phobic disorder is not linked to a specific trigger. c. Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in women and phobic disorder is more common in men. d. Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in men and phobic disorder is more common in women.

Marvin is reading a textbook on the history of mental illnesses, and he is relieved to find that as times shifted from the Middle Ages into the Renaissance, an enlightenment took place. Which of the following statements is Marvin most likely to read in this section of his book? a. "Kinder methods of treating mental illness, including exorcism, were introduced as the era of the Renaissance began." b. "When the Renaissance began, the primary reference that guided the way in which mental illness was viewed was called the Malleus Malleficarum." c. "As the Middle Ages ended, so too did reliance on the medical model." d. "As the Renaissance emerged, mental illness came to be viewed through the medical model."

Dikeshia is giving a presentation in her abnormal psychology class on the prevalence of psychological disorders. If you were a student in that class, what general category of disorders would you expect her to mention as one of the most prevalent psychological disorders? a. Anxiety disorders b. Dissociative disorders c. Personality disorders d. Psychotic disorders

A counterintuitive research finding involving depression is that a. mildly depressed people have a more accurate view of circumstances than do nondepressed people. b. mildly depressed people assume they have more control over the outcome of events than do nondepressed people. c. nondepressed people are less attentive to reality than are depressed people. d. nondepressed people have a more accurate view of circumstances than do depressed people.

The ________ rule is a test of legal insanity that came from an 1843 British trial. a. Irresistible Impulse b. Durham c. M'Naghten d. ALI

One biological explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia is the appearance of enlarged _______, which are fluid-filled structures that cushion and protect the brain. a. atria b. meninges c. vesicles d. ventricles

Which of the following statements might someone with a biological perspective make about schizophrenia? a. It is a result of an excess of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the corpus callosum. b. Its symptoms are shaped by the processes of reinforcement and extinction. c. It is the result of fatty plaques that build up in the amygdala, and this condition begins at birth. d. It is caused by genetics, chemical influences, and brain structural defects.

Which of the following culture-bound disorders is most commonly seen in Latin America? a. Ataque de nervios b. Koro c. Amok d. Taijin kyofushu

Psychologist James Coyne has proposed that depression symptoms may be sustained by ________ problems; that is, people who are depressed seek excessive reassurance from others, and this causes them to dislike and reject the depressed individual. As a result the depression can linger or worsen. a. sociological b. neurological c. cognitive d. interpersonal

According to the biological perspective, obsessive-compulsive disorder is_________. a. a danger signal that repressed conflicts are threatening to surface b. linked to an imbalance in the neurotransmitters serotonin and glutamate. c. the result of illogical, irrational thought processes d. a learned reaction

It is not unreasonable to assume that in the Middle Ages, signs of mental illness were believed to be caused by__________. a. an imbalance of body fluids b. demons c. improper diet d. social forces

Nick is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear, and he sees demons attacking him, though no one else could see anything near him. Nick's symptoms are known as ______. a. delusions b. obsessions c. hallucinations d. compulsions

One criticism of the DSM noted by your authors is that it adheres to a _________ model, which means that a person is seen as either having a mental disorder, or not having a mental disorder. There is little or no allowance for "degrees" of a disorder. a. dimensional b. categorical c. diathesis d. sociological

What mood disorder is characterized by alterations between periods of extremely high levels and extremely low levels of activity? a. Bipolar disorder b. Major depressive disorder c. A manic episode d. Seasonal affective disorder

Davis has such an intense, irrational fear of clowns that he cannot take his daughters to see the circus when it is in town. Davis would be most correctly diagnosed as suffering from a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. panic disorder. c. a phobia. d. posttraumatic stress disorder.

While each panic attack is different, the symptoms of a panic attack often peak in less than ____ minutes. a. 3 minutes b. 10 minutes c. 30 minutes d. 45 minutes

According to the data, the single best predictor of suicide is a. loss of a loved one. b. a previous attempt. c. depression. d. unemployment.

The diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5 are based on a(n) ________ approach. a. biological b. biopsychosocial c. psychological d. social and cultural

Mr. Evans feels that no matter what he does, he will be unable to convince his boss that he deserves a promotion. He also feels that it doesn't matter who his boss is, he still would not receive a promotion. These feelings represent what Overnier and Seligman called a. depressive realism. b. illusory control. c. learned helplessness. d. overgeneralization.

The diathesis-stress model suggests that schizophrenia develops from a. genetic influences entirely. b. environmental influences entirely. c. exposure to stress. d. a combination of a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia and exposure to significant stressors in their life.

The idea that a person may be determined to be sane or insane is an issue that is most relevant to a. all mental health professionals. b. the legal system. c. medicine and psychiatry. d. psychiatrists, psychologists, and trial judges.

Lily is concerned that her roommate Sachie is feeling overwhelmed by being a first-year student at an American university. Sachie often explains her academic difficulties and failures as being due to ________ factors. a. external, specific, and unstable b. internal, global, and stable c. internal, global, and unstable d. internal, specific, and unstable

Although their intent was noble, there was a major problem with the asylums that existed to help the mentally ill in the 15th century. What was that problem? a. A lack of "customers" caused by the massive drop in mental illness b. The use of barbaric treatments that were little better than those of the demonic era. c. Too many physicians trying to implement their own views on the best ways to provide treatment d. No religious guidance to help the patients find a spiritual center.

Feeling insects crawling on your skin (when none are really there) or hearing voices (when no one is around or no one is talking to you) would be examples of what symptom of schizophrenia? a. Compulsions b. Delusions c. Hallucinations d. Obsessions

Which of the following is a disorder that takes the form of a bodily ailment that has no physical cause? a. Anxiety b. Somatoform c. Dissociative d. Psychophysiological

John slipped up last night at the party and had a glass of wine. He called his relapse prevention therapist immediately who told him it was okay, and that he needed to refocus on his sobriety and what led him to take that drink in the first place. John needed this validation and support to avoid a. the abstinence violation effect. b. the difference violation effect. c. the resistance violation effect. d. the continence violation effect.

In 1954, this drug ushered in the pharmacological revolution in the treatment of serious psychological disorders. a. Paxil b. Prozac c. Thorazine d. Clozaril

Researchers report improvement rates as high as __________ percent following electroconvulsive therapy for severe depression. a. 50 to 60 b. 60 to 70 c. 70 to 80 d. 80 to 90

________________ therapy places somewhat greater weight on behavioral procedures than _______________therapy does. a. Cognitive; psychoanalytic b. Cognitive; rational emotive behavior c. Rational emotive behavior; cognitive d. Rational emotive behavior; humanistic

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has been marketed widely as a breakthrough treatment for ________________. a. schizophrenia b. bipolar disorders c. anxiety disorders d. depression

These therapies consistently outperform most other therapies for anxiety disorders, including phobias, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. a. behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapies b. behavioral and psychodynamic therapies c. person-centered therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapies d. psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies.

Antianxiety, antidepressant, or antipsychotic medications are most frequently prescribed by a. clinical psychologists. b. clinical social workers. c. pastoral counselors. d. psychiatrists.

In what brand of psychotherapy would a clinical psychologist attempt to uncover the underlying unconscious conflicts and impulses that are the cause of one's psychological difficulties? a. Behavioral b. Cognitive-behavioral c. Humanistic d. Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

Miranda is in treatment for alcoholism, and her doctor has prescribed Antabuse, which will make her vomit after drinking alcohol. Why might this not be an effective treatment for Miranda? a. Miranda quit drinking months ago. b. Miranda has to want to stop drinking. c. Miranda has other problems beyond alcoholism. d. Miranda will simply not take the Antabuse.

The symptoms of ________ include involuntary movements of the facial muscles and mouth along with twitching of the neck, arms, and legs. a. agranulocytosis b. lithium toxicity c. aplastic anemia d. tardive dyskinesia

Which of the six principles of critical thinking noted throughout your textbook is most congruent with the general purpose of Ellis's rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT)? a. Correlation versus causation b. Occam's razor c. Extraordinary claims d. Falsifiability

A _______ provides counseling, support in spiritual context, wellness programs, as well as group, family, and couples therapy. a. psychiatrist b. mental health counselor c. pastoral counselor d. psychiatric nurse

Cognitive-behavioral therapies have been found to be especially helpful in the treatment of ________ disorders. a. dissociative b. anxiety c. personality d. impulse control

Interpersonal therapy (IPT) has shown demonstrated success in substance abuse, eating disorders, and _____________. a. anxiety b. bipolar disorder c. depression d. schizophrenia

Sigmund Freud suggested that in therapy a person may transfer important intense, unrealistic feelings and expectations from their past onto the therapist, so that their relationship mirrors other relationships in the client's life. Another possibility, however, is that stable personality traits in the client may cause him or her to simply react in similar ways to different people. This is an important reminder of the critical thinking concept of a. ruling out rival hypotheses. b. replicability c. falsifiability d. extraordinary claims

This family therapy approach is designed to remove barriers to effective communication. a. Stratified family therapy b. Structural family therapy c. Logical family intervention. d. Strategic family intervention.

An important criticism of self-help materials is that they frequently make far-fetched promises. This is similar to a. replicability. b. extraordinary claims. c. ruling out rival hypotheses. d. Occam's Razor.

Dr. Johnson tells her students not to think of a white rabbit during the lecture. Within a few seconds, many students report that they have already thought of a white rabbit. This casts doubt on a. all claims made by the psychoanalytic or psychodynamic therapies. b. the existence of repressed memories from traumatic events. c. the importance of insight as a therapeutic goal. d. the usefulness of active listening as a therapeutic technique.

________ rational emotive behavior therapy emphasizes changing how we think, but it also focuses on changing how we behave. a. Beck's b. Rogers's c. Ellis's d. Wolpe's

Which of the following professionals is trained as a medical doctor and may be found working in either private practice or in a hospital setting? a. Clinical psychologist b. Clinical social worker c. Mental health counselor d. Psychiatrist

Research suggests that there is ________ between one's race and the outcome of therapy. a. little or no relationship b. a curvilinear relationship c. a positive relationship d. a negative relationship

Bart is asked by his psychotherapist to close his eyes. After a few minutes of relaxing, the therapist asks Bart to discuss whatever comes to mind and to continue without censoring any of the ideas or thoughts he experiences. Bart is experiencing the therapeutic technique of a. active confrontation. b. transference. c. free association. d. systematic desensitization.

Teu goes in to see a psychoanalyst and during one of their sessions he shares a dream with the therapist. "I dreamt that I am a kangaroo and that I'm hopping up the side of the hill, but each time I get to a certain point the hill turns to glass, and I slide back down to the bottom." The analyst tells Teu that this dream is a reference to his recent career struggles where he feels that his attempts to climb the ladder at his company are continually being thwarted by events outside of his control. The analyst's interpretation of Teu's dream represents the ________ content of the dream. a. manifest b. archetypical c. latent d. preconscious

The neo-Freudians would have been LEAST likely to emphasize the importance of ________ needs in a therapeutic setting. a. dependence b. sexual c. power d. status

His work influenced the contemporary work of interpersonal therapy (IPT). a. Jung b. Freud c. Sullivan d. Beck