Non-Flammable Gas Pipeline Systems: NFPA & CGA Standards and Reserve Supply Requirements
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pipeline system use
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to deliver non-flammable gases such as oxygen, nitrous oxide, air, carbon dioxide and nitrogen
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NFPA
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national fire protection association
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CGA
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compressed gas association
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most medical pipeline systems are designed to conform to what standards
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NFPA, CGA
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reserve supply
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used for emergencies or when maintenance/repair is needed
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what pressure are nitrogen and instrument air delivered at in the us
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160 psi or 1100 kPa
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normal pipeline pressure for oxygen, nitrous oxide and air in the US
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50-55 psi or 345-380 kPa
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how is oxygen stored
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compressed gas cylinders or cryogenic liquid at low pressures
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which method of storing oxygen is cheaper when dealing with large amounts
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liquid
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what will happen to the atmosphere if nitrous oxide leaks
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Oxygen is displaced, a hypoxic mixture may result. Nitrous oxide is an asphyxiant
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where should the intake be located
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in a place where it will take in as much air as possible without being contaminate by fumes or dirt
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how is air rendered suitable for medical use
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water content is reduced
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what are the 3 general classes of piping
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main lines, risers, brach lines
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pressure relief valve
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prevents pressure build up if a shutoff valve is closed
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shutoff valves
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permit specific areas of the piping system to be isolated in the event of a problem or for maintenance without the whole system being shut down
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two types of shutoff valves
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manual, service
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manual shutoff valve
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must be installed where they are visible and be accessible at all times
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service shutoff valves
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only used by authorized personnel, usually locked
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master alarm system
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monitors the central supply and the distribution system for all medical gas systems
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area alarm system
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local alarm system in critical support areas to indicate if the pressure increases or decreases 20% from normal line pressure
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local alarms
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to monitor the function of the central medical as well as the vacuum and anesthetic gas scavenging system
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terminal unit
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the point in a piped gas distribution system at which the user normally makes connections and disconnections
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base block
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the part of the terminal unit that is attached to the pipeline distribution system
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primary valve
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part of the terminal unit that opens and allows the gas to flow when the male probe is inserted and closes automatically when the connection is broken.
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secondary valve
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designed so when the primary valve is removed, the gas flow is shut off
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gas-specific connection point
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part of the terminal unit that ensures correct gas hose is attached
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diameter index safety system
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DISS
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DISS
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developed to provide noninterchangeable connections for medical gas lines at pressures of 200 psi or less (1380 kPa)
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quick connector
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allows apparatus (hose, flowmeter, etc) to be connected or disconnected by a single action without equipment. Consists of gas-specific male and female components
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hoses
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used to connect anesthesia machines and other apparatus to terminal units. Each end must have a permanently attached, noninterchangeable connector
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inlet (supply) connector
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hose connector that attaches to the terminal unit
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outlet (equipment) connector
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hose connector that attaches to anesthesia machine or other equipment
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why is it preferable to use one long hose versus several extension hoses
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multiple hose connections causes resistance to gas flow and is less likely to leak
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initial pressure test
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each section of the piping system must be subjected to a test pressure of 1.5 times the system working pressure
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testing for cross connections
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done to ensure that the gas delivered at each terminal unit is that shown on the outlet label and that the proper connectors are present at station outlets
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standing pressure test
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24 hours test with pressures 20% above the normal operating pressure
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what is the test gas pressure for oxygen
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50 psi (345 kPa)
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piping particulate test
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filter shall accrue no more than 1 mg of matter from any outlet tested
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most frequently reported malfunction
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inadequate pressure
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compressed air is most often supplied by
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compressors
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what are the results of increased pressure in the oxygen pipeline system
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gas blender malfunction, ventilator malfunction
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where are central gas supplied located
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inside a special room used only for this purpose, outdoors, in an enclosure
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oxygen may be supplied to the pipeline system by
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G and H cylinders, oxygen concentrators, bulk liquid systems
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vaporization of liquid oxygen in a bulk tank will result in
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lose of oxygen to atmosphere, loss of oxygen that may be greater than demand, significant loss of oxygen even though there is no use
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why must heat be supplied to vaporize liquid oxygen
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as the temp falls, the pressure in the tank falls; the heat of the vaporization will cause the temp to fall
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DISS is required where
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on all pipeline inlets on anesthesia machines
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preuse testing of a pipeline system should include
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pressure testing, purge testing, testing for cross connections, testing for the purity of the gases
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cross connections of pipelines
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may be caused by devices not in use, and are most commonly associated with construction, alterations or repair
