Surgery Anesthesia Machine – Flashcards
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compressed gas supply anesthetic machine breathing circuit scavenging system
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What are the 4 parts of of the anesthesia machine
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unidirectional valves hoses reservoir bag pop-off valve CO2 canister O2 flush pressure manometer negative pressure relief valve
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Which parts are included in the breathing circuit of the anesthetic machine?
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E
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Which size of carrier gas tank is attached to the anesthetic machine?
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H
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Which size of carrier gas tank stands separate from the anesthetic machine?
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660 L
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How much oxygen does a size E tank hold?
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6900 L
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How much oxygen does a size H tank hold?
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Green
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What color are oxygen tanks in the U.S.?
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White
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What color are oxygen tanks in Canada?
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Blue
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What color are nitrous oxide tanks in the U.S.?
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Gray
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What color are carbon dioxide tanks in the U.S.?
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left
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Oxygen cannot flow out of the tank unless the outlet valve has been turned to the
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yoke
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Small gas cylinders attach to the anesthetic machine via a
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hoses or pipes
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Large gas cylinders attach to the anesthetic machine via
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yokes pin indexing system
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What prevents the wrong gas tank from being connected to the anesthetic machine?
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1900 - 2200 psi
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A full tank of oxygen has a pressure of
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0.3 x psi on gauge
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How is the amount of O2 left in the E tank calculated?
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1.7 x psi on gauge
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How is the amount of O2 left in the H tank calculated?
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0.3 x psi on gauge / L per min to be delivered
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How do you calculate how long a E tank of O2 will last?
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1.7 x psi on gauge / L per min to be delivered
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How do you calculate how long a H tank of O2 will last?
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when tank is empty when tank is turned off when all gas has been removed from the machine
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When will the tank pressure gauge read zero?
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when pressure gauge is no lower than 100 psi
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When should the O2 tank be replaced?
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760 psi
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A full cylinder of nitrous oxide contains how much pressure?
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500 psi
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Nitrous oxide tanks should be changed when at
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50 psi
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The pressure reducing valve reduces the pressure leaving the oxygen tank to
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flow meter
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What allows the flow rate of oxygen traveling through the machine to be adjusted by the anesthetist?
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Liters per minute
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How is oxygen flow rate measured?
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False
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T or F - anesthetic gas can be delivered to the patient even if the flow meter is turned off
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read at the center of the ball or top of the rotor
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How do you read the flow of oxygen through the anethetic machine?
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vaporizer
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What converts the liquid anesthetic agent into a vapor?
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fresh gas
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the mixture of oxygen and anesthetic gas is called
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carrier gas - O2
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If the vaporizer is turned off, what is delivered to the patient?
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turn off vaporizer and run oxygen only for 15 minutes
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What should be done if the anesthetic machine is knocked over?
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delivers a precise, controlled amount of anesthetic to pt
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What do precision vaporizers do?
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VOC - out of circuit so gas is mixed prior to being delivered to pt
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Precision vaporizers are located
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VIC - in circuit
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Nonprecision vaporizers are located
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methoxyflurane
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Which anesthetic gas is used VIC?
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breathing system
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What is th system that brings the fresh gas from the vaporizer to the patient and takes the expired gases from the patient?
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60 mL/kg and round up
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How is reservoir bag size requirement determined?
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3/4 full
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Reservoir bags should be of a size where it is consistently how full?
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allows excess gas to leave breathing circuit and be scavenged prevents build-up of excess gas or pressure in circuit kept open unless you are bagging the pt or have a low-flow or closed system
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What is the purpose of the pop-off valve?
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closed
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When bagging the patient, the pop-off valve position is
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the flow rate how full the reservoir bag is
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In some instances, the degree that the pop-off valve is opened changes with
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CO2 canister and returned to the pt
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Gases that don't exit the machine via the pop-off valve go where?
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soda lime granules
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What is in the CO2 canister?
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violet pink or off-white depending on manufacturer
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What color do the granules in the CO2 canister change to when they are exhausted?
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True
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T or F -Expired CO2 granules are hard and brittle
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O2 flush valve
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What allows O2 to bypass the flowmeter and vaporizer and enter the breathing circuit?
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up to 75 L/min
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What is the flow rate of O2 when the O2 flush valve is pressed
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True
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T or F - the O2 flush valve should never be used with a non-rebreathing system
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to fill the bag help a critical pt breathe to dilute the anesthetic
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When would the O2 flush valve be used?
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pressure manometer gauge
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What measures the pressure of gas within the circuit in cm H2O?
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20 cm H2O
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The pressure reading on the manometer gauge should never be above ____ while baggin the patient.
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when an active scavenging system is utilized, if negative pressure is detected in the circuit, this valve opens and allows room air in.
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What is the purpose of the negative pressure relief valve?
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excessive suction in breathing circuit O2 flow rate is too low O2 tank runs out
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When will the negative pressure relief valve open?
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re-breathing nonre-breathing
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What are the two types of breathing systems for anesthetic machines?
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circle system
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Re-breathing systems are also known as
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exhaled gas from patient ; outter breathing hose ; exhale unidirectional valve ; CO2 canister ; reservoir bag ; inhalation unidirectional valve ; combined with fresh gas ; inner breathing hose ; back to patient
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Explain the flow of gas for a re-breathing circuit
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; 15 lbs or 7 kgs
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When should a re-breathing system be used?
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relatively low
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O2 flow rates for re-breathing systems are
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closed - pop-off valve closed and all gases recirculated after CO2 is removed semi-closed - pop-off valve open or semi-closed so some gases exhaled remain in circuit and some exit through pop-off valve and into the scavenger
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What are the two types of re-breathing systems?
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pop-off valve is fully or partially open higher oxygen flow rate than closed re-breathing system
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A semi-closed re-breathing system requires what?
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O2 tank ; flowmeter ; vaporizer ; inhalation hose ; pt ; exhalation hose ; reservoir bag ; pop-off valve on bag ; scavenging hose ; scavenger carbon canister
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Explain the flow of gas for a nonre-breathing circuit
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rebreathing
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If your patient weighs 22 lbs, which breathing system should you use?
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non-rebreathing
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If your patient weighs 8 lbs, which breathing system should you use?
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rebreathing
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If your patient weighs 8 kg, which breathing system should you use?
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non-rebreathing
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If your patient weighs 14 lbs, which breathing system should you use?
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non-rebreathing
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O2 flow rates are higher with which - rebreathing or non-rebreathing system?
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rebreathing
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O2 flow rates are lower with which - rebreathing or non-rebreathing system?
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great for small patients because it offers very little resistance to breathing lighter weight than conventional tubing so creates less drag on tube
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What are the advantages of the non-rebreathing system?
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more expensive since more gas is used patients more susceptible to heat loss without the benefit of tube within a tube
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What are the disadvantages of the non-rebreathing system?
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all the way open or partially open
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With a non-rebreathing system, the pop-off valve should be
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False
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T or F - CO2 absorption is required for a non-rebreathing system
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True
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T or F - CO2 absorption is required for a rebreathing system
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period of anesthesia and type of system being used
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What do O2 flow rates depend on?
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True
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T or F - Generally, O2 flow rates are higher during induction and recovery
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5 L per min
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What O2 flow rate is required for chamber induction?
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1 - 3 L per min
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What O2 flow rate is required for mask induction of an animal equal or less than 10 kg?
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3 - 5 L per min
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What O2 flow rate is required for mask induction of an animal greater than 10 kg?
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150 - 200 mL/kg/min
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What O2 flow rate is required for non-rebreathing system using the Bain Coaxial system?
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400 - 600 mL/kg/min
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What O2 flow rate is required for non-rebreathing system using the Jackson-Rees system?
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250 mL/kg/min and round up to at least 0.8 L/min
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What O2 flow rate is commonly used at VTI for non-rebreating system?
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5 - 10 mL/kg/min
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What O2 flow rate is used for a closed rebreathing system?
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20 - 40 mL/kg/min
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What O2 flow rate is used for a semi-closed rebreathing system?
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40 mL/kg/min and round up
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What O2 flow rate is commonly used at VTI for rebreating system?
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close pop-off valve cover pt end of breathing tube push O2 flush button or turn on flow meter until bag is distended and manometer reads 30 cm H2O turn off O2 and watch manometer no leaks if pressure remains for at least 30 sec reopen pop-off valve and squeeze reservoir bag
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How is a leak test performed of the anesthetic machine before every anesthetic procedure?
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red
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Which color rebreathing hose is used for patients 15 - 40 lbs?
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green
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Which color rebreathing hose is used for patients over 40 lbs?
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1/2 L
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What size reservior bag is needed for a patient that is 0 - 3 kgs?
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1 L
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What size reservior bag is needed for a patient that is 4 - 7 kgs?
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2 L
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What size reservior bag is needed for a patient that is 8 - 15 kgs?
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3 L
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What size reservior bag is needed for a patient that is 16 - 50 kgs?
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5 L
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What size reservior bag is needed for a patient that is 51 - 150 kgs?
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1100 psi
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When the oxygen tank is half full, the tank pressure gauge will read approximately
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liquid and gas
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Nitrous oxide is present in the tank as a
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flow meter
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The amount of oxygen an animal is receiving is indicated by the
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middle
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Flow meters that have a ball for reading the gauge should be read from ____ of the ball.
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33% oxygen and 67% nitrous oxide
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The most comonly recommended ratio for nitrous oxide and oxygen flow rates is
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60 mL/kg
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The minimum size for the reservoir bag can be calculated as
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control the direction of movement of gases
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The flutter valves on an anesthetic machine help
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prevent excess gas pressure from building up within the breathing circuit
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The pop-off valve is part of the anesthetic machine and helps
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20 cm H2O
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In small animal anesthesia, when the patient is bagged, the pressure manometer reading should not exceed
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True
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T or F - Rebreathing systems, when used with standard small animal corrugated breathing tubes, are best reserved for animals weighing more than 7 kg
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fresh gas flow
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Rebreathing is determined primarily by the
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at least 200 mL/kg/min
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Non-rebreathing systems should have maintenance flow rates that are
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there is a failure of oxygen flow through the system
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The negative pressure relief valve is particularly important when
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10
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The tidal volume of an anesthesized animal is considered to be ___ mL/kg of body weight
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pop-off valve
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The scavenger system is generally attached to the
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the ET tube is not in the trachea the patient has a decreased tidal volume there is a leak around the ET tube
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A reservoir bag that is not moving well may indicate
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be brittle, hard, or change color
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The anesthetist will know when the granules in the carbon dioxide absorber have been depleted because the granules may
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having high oxygen flow rates having high vaporizer settings
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An increase in the depth of anesthesia can be achieved quickly by
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temp of liquid anesthetic flow of carrier gas through vaporizer back pressure type of anesthetic in vaporizer
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The concentration of anesthetic delivered from a nonprecision vaporizer may depend on the
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40 to 50 psi between the pressure-reducing valve and flow meter 15 psi between the flow meters and the breathing circuit 15 psi entering the VOC vaporizer
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When an anesthetic machine is operating correctly the pressure in the machine are always
