question

Ayres sensory integration definition

answer

-"organization of sensation for use" -Involved more than neurological synapsis, but also the ability to register, process, and act upon sensation

question

Amelia is learning to ride a bike for the first time. She begins to understand how to balance, hold the handlebars, and pedal. How would sensory integration theorists describe this?

answer

Adaptive response

question

Adaptive response

answer

comes from within and allows the child to integrate sensations from a variety of systems (vestibular, proprioceptive, vision) to accomplish a given task (e.g., riding a bicycle). - Ex. Child successfully climbs up and slides down a slide.

question

Mary does not like getting her hands dirty, having her hair combed, or eating a variety of foods. She becomes irritable at the end of the day and sometimes in school. She prefers to wear the same pants each day. What do these observations suggest?

answer

Defensiveness

question

Tactile defensiveness

answer

involves a tendency to overreact to ordinary touch sensations. - Example: Child shows an aversion to textures of foods, certain clothing, and having hair brushed.

question

Which statement is not a basic assumption underlying occupational therapy using a sensory integration approach?

answer

The more therapist-directed the activities, the greater potential for neural organization.

question

The more inner-directed a child's activities are,

answer

the greater the potential for the activities to improve neural organization

question

What statement is NOT considered the occupational therapist's role when using a sensory integration approach?

answer

Child's actions

question

The role of the therapist when using a sensory integration approach

answer

-To set up the environment and activities so the child will choose to select activities that enhance his/her ability to make an adaptive response. -Leads the child but does not control the child's action. -The goal is to allow the child to be inner directed and make adaptive responses that promote organization.

question

Max is a 12-month-old boy who is just learning to walk. He stands for short periods, sees his favorite toy, and takes one step and falls. The therapist places the favorite toy two steps away the next time. Which term describes this concept?

answer

Just-right challenge

question

Which is the best example of an "adaptive response"?

answer

Ability to hold on and pump a swing longer and higher

question

Charlie is a 10-year-old boy who will eat only mashed foods, does not like noises (e.g., he gets upset when the phone rings), and has difficulty sitting during meals. Charlie's parents report that he does not like new clothes and cannot wear jeans. What type of sensory integrative problem does Charlie have?

answer

Sensory modulation problems

question

How did Ayres view sensory input?

answer

Nourishment for the brain

question

Which statement is not true concerning dyspraxia?

answer

Somatodyspraxia is a degenerative disorder.

question

Ramon is a 12-year-old boy who will not play on the swings or slides at school. He has difficulty climbing up the second floor staircase at school and cannot sit in the bleachers. What type of problem does this depict?

answer

Gravitational insecurity

question

Which statement most closely reflects the ingredients to promote neural plasticity in children?

answer

Child actively interacts with a meaningful and challenging environment.

question

Which principle is not part of Ayres Sensory Integration intervention?

answer

It begins with sensory stimulation.

question

Lisa is an 8-year-old girl who bumps into things frequently, bears down hard on her pencil at school, and stands very close to her friends. Lisa gets in trouble in school because she is always "talking herself through" her handwriting homework. Lisa likes to play rough at home and is frequently called a bully by her younger brother. What type of dysfunction does this scenario depict?

answer

Proprioceptive problems

question

Ayres initial concepts

answer

-Sensory integration -Adaptive response -Praxis

question

Sensory support for development and brain function

answer

-Sensory nourishment -Sensory diet

question

Adaptive response

answer

-Results in a more organized state, and the capacity for further sensory integration is enhanced -Implies that the child is an active participant -Uses the child's inner drive

question

Basic Assumptions Underlying Ayers Sensory Integration Intervention

answer

1. Sensory input can be used systematically to elicit and adaptive response. 2. Registration of meaningful sensory input is necessary before an adaptive response can be made. 3. An adaptive response contributes to the development of sensory integration. 4. Better organization of adaptive responses enhances the child's general behavioral organization. 5. More mature and complex patterns of behavior emerge from consolidation and simpler behaviors. 6. The more inner-directed a child's activities are, the greater the potential for the activities to improve neural organization.

question

Types of Sensory Integrative Problems

answer

1. Sensory modulation problems 2. Sensory discrimination and perception problems 3. Vestibular-bilateral functional problems 4. Praxis problems

question

Modulation

answer

-Refers to CNS regulation of its own activity

question

Sensory modulation

answer

A continuum from hyporesponsivity (sensory registration problem) to hyperresponsivity (sensory defensiveness).

question

Sensory registration problems

answer

-Person fails to attend to or register relevant sensory stimuli -Can be a safety concern, particularly if child does not register pain

question

Sensation-seeking behavior

answer

-Child may appear active motorically but is hyporesponsive to vestibular input -Child may seek excessive proprioceptive input -Child may be disruptive or inappropriate in social situations

question

Over-responsiveness

answer

-Tactile defensiveness -Gravitational insecurity -In other sensory modalities

question

Tactile defensiveness

answer

-Tendency to overreact to ordinary touch sensations *Affect self-care activities *Social situations may be difficult *Usually light-touch stimuli are aversive

question

Gravitational insecurity

answer

-Over-responsiveness to vestibular sensations *Are fearful of movement or uneven surfaces *Playground activities can be difficult

question

Sensory discrimination and perception problems

answer

-Tactile discrimination and perception problems -Proprioception problems -Visual perception problems -Other perceptual problems

question

Tactile discrimination and perception problems

answer

-Difficulty interpreting tactile stimuli -May cause problems in developing manipulative skills -May relate to visual perceptual problems

question

Proprioception problems

answer

-Does not receive reliable information about body position -May be clumsy, awkward -May seek firm pressure and joint compression

question

Vestibular-proprioceptive problems

answer

-Postural and bilateral integration -Vestibular-bilateral integration -Bilateral integration and sequencing -Projected action sequences

question

Praxis problems

answer

-Developmental dyspraxia -Somatodyspraxia -Ideation dyspraxia

question

Secondary problems related to sensory integrative difficulties

answer

-Problems are misinterpreted as behavioral or psychological issues -Problems can limit a child's participation -Problems can undermine self-esteem and self-confidence

question

Assessment of Sensory Integrative Functions

answer

Sensory Profile Sensory Processing Measure

question

Standardized testing of Sensory Integrative Functions

answer

-Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests -Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency -School Function Assessment

question

Individual Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) intervention

answer

-Applied on an individual basis -Implies a relationship between the therapists and the child -Uses child's inner drive to actively explore the environment -Involves a balance between structure and freedom -Values child's active participation

question

Elements of Ayres Sensory Integration Intervention

answer

1. Ensures physical safety 2. Presents sensory opportunities 3. Support sensory modulation for attaining and maintaining a regulated state 4. Challenges postural, ocular, oral and/or bilateral motor control 5. Challenges praxis and organization of behavior 6. Collaborates in activity choice 7. Tailors activity to present just-right challenge 8. Ensures that activities are successful 9. Supports child's intrinsic motivation to play 10. Establishes a therapeutic alliance with the child

question

Group Intervention for Interventions for Children with Sensory Integrative Problems

answer

-The Alert Program -Can promote the development of social skills -Motor Labs

question

Consultation on modification of activities, routines, and environments

answer

-Can demystify the child's problems -Can promote a better understanding of sensory integration -Can suggest ways to modify the environment to promote the child's participation -Education on sensory integration - parents, teachers -Sensory Diet -Strategies to change the environment or task *Hyperresponsive to lights - Dim the lights *Hyperresonsive to touch - Shirts without tags

question

Hyporesponsive and hyperresponsive observations for:

answer

- Overall patterns - Tactile - Vestibular - Proprioceptive - Visual - Auditory - Taste/smell

question

Tactile discrimination and perception problems

answer

-Difficulty interpreting tactile stimuli -On their body - where touched -Specifically related to hand function

question

Proprioception problems

answer

Muscles and joints inform the brain about position of body parts

question

Visual perception problems

answer

May be separate from SI dysfunction

question

Sensory Discrimination Observations for:

answer

- Vestibular/ Proprioceptive - Tactile - Taste/smell - Auditory - Visual

question

Postural Disorder

answer

- poor proximal joint stability - hypotonicity of extensor muscles - poor equilibrium and support reactions - poor bilateral coordination - difficulty crossing midline - no hand dominance

question

Dyspraxia

answer

- Child has difficulty planning, organizing, and executing movements - difficulty with motor planning - inadequate body scheme - slowness with learning ADLs or gross motor skills - problems with constructive play - handwriting difficulties

question

Sensory Profile Versions

answer

-Infant / Toddler - birth - 36 months -Child - 3 years - 10 years -School Companion - 3 years - 11 years 11 months -Adolescent / Adult - 11 years and older

question

Individual Ayres Sensory Integration

answer

-Individual therapy -Remediate sensory integrative problems -Originally used with children with learning disabilities -Fosters inner drive to explore the environment and actively participate to master challenges -Balance between structure and degree of freedom 2, 45 minute sessions per week for 2 years

question

Specific Skill Development

answer

Working on a specific skill - handwriting, dressing, etc Vs waiting for generalized improvements as a result of ASI therapy

question

Vestibular

answer

(Movement, balance, height) Posture / position of body -Vertical -Horizontal -Diagonal -Upside down / backwards Movement -Joint and muscle activity - proprioception -Oscillation - bouncing -Linear movement - swinging -Rotary movement - spinning

question

Proprioception/ Vestibular

answer

Maintaining balance: beam, swings, ball State where body part has been moved/positioned Practice grading force on a variety of objects -Don't break the ice -Cooking activities

question

Tactile Discrimination/ Visual Perception

answer

-Stereognosis activities (vision occluded) -Have the child identify where they were touched -Have the child identify what touched them -Visual perception activities: form constancy, figure ground, visual discrimination, visual memory, visual-spatial relationships, visual sequential memory, visual closure

question

Taste / Smell

answer

Sweet / vanilla Salt Sour / citrus Bitter / smoke

question

Oral Texture

answer

Suck Chew Bite / crunch Lick

question

Visual

answer

(Perception, hand, head and body movement) Light/dark color Form (boundaries) Place (location) Movement through space

question

Auditory

answer

(Discrimination of speech, noises) -Vibration sounds -Rhythmic music, sing-song speech, rhyme -Vocalizations, speech sounds -Language

question

Proprioception

answer

(Force, body awareness, postural control) Posture / position of body -Vertical -Horizontal -Diagonal -Upside down / backwards Touch -Joint and muscle activity - proprioception -Deep pressure -Touch Pressure -Light touch

question

Tactile

answer

(Touch, praxis skills) Touch -Joint and muscle activity - proprioception -Deep pressure -Touch Pressure -Light touch Temperature -Cool to neutral warmth -Moderate temperatures -Extreme temperatures

question

Motor planning

answer

Conceptual and sensory motor process of planning a novel action or movement

question

Sensory defensiveness

answer

Ex. Child dislikes smells of certain foods to the extent that it bothers the child all day.

question

Sensory seeking

answer

Example: Child likes activities such as jumping up and down or turning in circles to an extent that is more than typical for children of the same age.

question

Sensory discrimination

answer

Example: Child is able to distinguish the bell at school from a ringing telephone.

question

Sensory modulation

answer

Process by which neural messages that convey information about the intensity, frequency, duration, and complexity of sensory stimulation are adjusted (Miller & Lane, 2000)

question

Sensory registration

answer

Process of attending to stimuli (i.e., orienting response)

question

Somatosensory

answer

Pertaining to the tactile and proprioceptive systems

question

Vestibular

answer

Pertaining to the inner ear receptors, the semicircular canals, and the otolith organs that detect head position and movements as well as gravity

question

Sensory integration involved more than neurological synapsis, but also

answer

the ability to register, process, and act upon sensation

question

Dyspraxia

answer

- Ayres found a relationship between tactile perception and praxis. - Not all dyspraxia is sensory integrative in nature. - Dyspraxia is difficulty conceptualizing, planning, and executing movement.

question

Ayres Sensory Integration Intervention Principles

answer

- It involves a balance between structure and freedom. - It is applied on an individual basis. - It requires the active participation of the child.

question

DSM-IV-TR PDD: 5 specific diagnoses

answer

1. Autistic Disorder 2. Asperger's Disorder 3. Rett's Disorder 4. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD) 5. Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS)

question

DSM-V

answer

only Autism Spectrum Disorder used and describes categories by severity of autism placing Rett's Disorder and CDD in a different category.

question

Rett's disorder

answer

chromosomal syndrome, defined by a child having chromosomal differences

question

ASDs are defined by the presence or absence of behaviors in three areas

answer

1. social reciprocity 2. communication 3. repetitive behaviors

question

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD)

answer

-Heller's Syndrome -regressive autism because it is a severe form of autism where children have hallucinations and similar to psychosis -very low functioning

question

social reciprocity

answer

being able to socially go back and forth and engaging with people

question

Sensory integration

answer

-one of the most commonly used FoRs w/ pediatrics -least support from research

question

Sensory integration theory

answer

explains maladaptive behaviors seen in children (many times with autism) as a result of not processing sensory information correctly. As a child develops, the child experiences sensory stimuli beginning in the prenatal period and on into adulthood and these sensory stimuli entice adaptive responses which in turn assist with development within the central nervous system. If children are not able to modulate sensory input or discriminate sensory input they will instead develop maladaptive responses to stimuli which then lead to maladaptive behaviors.

question

Child experiences sensory stimuli beginning about

answer

5.5 weeks after conception

question

Assumptions of SI Theory

answer

1. The central nervous system has plasticity 2. There are developmental progressions as the child attaches more meaning to and gains mastery to sensory inputs 3. Systems Theory and organization of the central nervous system is that the nervous system does not develop linear but instead skills and behaviors may develop simultaneously at various levels. 4. Adaptive responses occur as the child responds actively and appropriately to sensory and environmental demands. 5. There is an inner drive toward self-actualization (fulfillment of talents and mastery of challenges)

question

Sensory integration therapy

answer

works toward the CNS will alter and change and adapt neurologically to that response so the child will start having a more normalized response

question

Praxis skills

answer

ability to motor plan

question

Postural-ocular disorder

answer

may see children who are slumped or display low tone

question

Treatment Interventions using Sensory Integration Theory

answer

-Based on sensory dysfunctions found in assessments, specific areas of treatment intervention would focus on the areas of defect, using play and the child's interests, to elicit an adaptive response -Most often activities involve the use of suspended equipment inviting planning and providing various sensory inputs using activities which are meaningful to the child.

question

When using sensory integration, what is integrating according to SI theory?

answer

Brain (CNS)

question

Sensory modulation

answer

self-regulation of senses

question

Sensory discrimination

answer

telling the differences between senses

question

What is the name of the program that helps empower the child to self-regulate?

answer

How Does Your Engine Run?

question

Which approach would hold a demand until the child complied?

answer

Applied Behavioral Analysis

question

Who is the primary focus when working with a child for DIR Floortime?

answer

Parents

Sensory Integration CS 9 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards