EMT-B Airway Management, Ventilation, and Oxygen Therapy – Flashcards
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Adam's apple
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see thyroid cartilage
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agonal respiration
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gasping type respirations that have no pattern and occur very infrequently; a sign of impending cardiac or respiratory arrest. Also called atonal breathing.
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alveolar ventilation
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the amount of inspired air that reaches the alveoli of the lungs.
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alveoli
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small air sacs in the lungs that fill with air on inspirations and are the point of gas exchange with the pulmonary capillaries
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automatic transport ventilator (ATV)
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a positive pressure ventilation device that delivers ventilations automatically
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bag-valve-mask devise (BVM)
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a positive pressure ventilation device that consist of a bag with non-rebreather valve and a mask. The bag-valve device is connected to the mask or other airway. The bag is squeezed to deliver a ventilation to the patient
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bilaterally
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on both sides.
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bradypnea
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a breathing rate that is slower than the normal rate.
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bronchi
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branches of the respiratory tract from the trachea into the lungs. Singular bronchus
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bronchiole
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smaller branches of the bronchi. They continue to branch and get smaller, eventually leading into alveolar sacs.
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carina
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the point at which the trachea splits into the right and left mainstreams bronchi.
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chemoreceptors
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sense organs within the body, such as carotid and aortic bodies, that are sensitive to chemical changes in the blood, especially to levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen, and that, in response, play a role in the regulation of respiration.
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cricoid cartilage
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the most inferior portion of the larynx and only full cartilaginous bring of the upper airway. It is felt immediately below the thyroid cartilage.
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cricoid pressure
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pressure applied to the cricoid cartilage to compress the esophagus. Also call the Sellick maneuver.
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crowing
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a sound similar to that of a cawing crow that indicates that the muscles around the larynx are in spasm and beginning to narrow the opening into the trachea
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cyanosis
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a bluish color of the skin and mucous membranes that indicates poor oxygenation of tissue.
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dead air space
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inspired air that fills the respiratory tract but never reaches the alveoli of the lungs.
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deoxygenated
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containing low amounts of oxygen, as with venous blood.
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diaphragm
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the major muscles of respiration that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. (makes up 60% - 70% Oxygen intake)
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epiglottis
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a small flap of cartilaginous tissue that acts as a valve and closes over the trachea during swallowing.
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esophagus
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a tubular structure that serves as a passageway for food and liquids to enter the stomach.
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exhalation
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the passive process of breathing air out of the lungs. Also called expiration.
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expiration
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the passive process of breathing air our of the lungs. Also called exhalation
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flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD)
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a device that consists of ventilation valve and trigger or button and is driven directly by oxygen. It is used to provide positive pressure ventilation.
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French catheter
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see soft catheter.
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gastric distention
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inflation of the stomach.
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gurgling
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a gargling sound that indicates a fluid in the mouth or pharynx
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hard catheter
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see rigid catheter
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head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver
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a manual technique used to open the airway. The head is tilted back by one hand. The tips of the fingers of the other hand are placed under the chin and used to lift it up and forward.
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hemoglobin
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a complex protein molecule found on the surface of the red blood cell that is responsible for carrying a majority oxygen in the blood.
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high-pressure regulator
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a one-gauge regulator that is used to power the flow restricted, oxygen powered ventilation device. The flow rate cannot be adjusted.
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hyperfusion
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the insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to some the body's cells that result from inadequate circulation of blood. Also called shock.
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hypopnea
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in adequate tidal volume in a breathing patient.
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hypoxia
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a reduction of oxygen delivery to the tissues
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inhalation
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the active process of breathing air into the lungs. Also called inspiration
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intercostal muscles
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the muscles between the ribs. (make up 30% - 40% of Oxygen intake)
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jaw-thrust maneuver
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a manual technique used to open the airway in the patient with a suspected spinal injury. The fingers are place at the angles of the jaw and used to life the jaw up and forward
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laryngectomy
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a surgical procedure in which a patient's larynx is removed. A stoma is crates for the patient to breathe through.
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larynx
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the part of the air passage that connects the pharynx with the trachea. Also, it is considered the orang of the voice since it contains the vocal cords.
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lower airway
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the portion of the reparatory system that extends from the trachea to the alveoli of the lungs
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minute volume
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the amount of air breathed in and out in one minute. Also called minute ventilation. Minute volume (MV) = Respiratory Rate (f) X Tidal Volume (Vt) Average: Minute volume = (12) breaths per minute x (500) ml per breath Minute volume = 6,000 ml or 6 liters
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mucous membrane
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a thin layer of tissue that lines various structures within the body
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nasal airway
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a nasopharyngeal airway
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nasal cannula
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an oxygen delivery device that consists of two prongs that are inserted into the nose of the patient. The oxygen concentration delivered is from 22% - 44%.
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nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)
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a curved, hollow rubber tube with a flange or flare at the top end and a bevel at the distal end that is inserted into the nose. It fits in the nasopharynx and extends into the pharynx providing a passage for air.
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nasopharynx
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the portion of the pharynx that extends from the nostrils to the soft palate.
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non-rebreather mask
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an oxygen delivery device that consists of an reservoir and one-way valve. it can deliver up to 100% oxygen to the patient
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oral airway
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an oropharyngeal airway.
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oropharyngeal airway (OPA)
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a semicircular hard plastic device that is inserted in to the mouth and holds the tongue away from the back of the pharynx.
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oropharynx
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a portion of the pharynx that extends from the mouth to the oral cavity at the base of the tongue
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oxygen humidifier
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a container that is filled with sterile water and connected to the oxygen regulator to add moisture to the dry oxygen prior to being delivered to the patient.
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oxygenated
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containing high amounts of oxygen, as with arterial blood.
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oxygenation
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the process by which the blood and the cells become saturated with oxygen.
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parietal pleura
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the outermost pleural layer that adheres to the chest wall.
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patent airway
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an airway that is open and clear of any obstructions.
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pharynx
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the common passageway fro the reparatory and digestive tract; the throat.
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pleura
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two layers of connective tissue that surround the lung.
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pleural space
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a small space between the visceral and parietal pleura that is at negative pressure and filled with serous fluid.
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pocket mask
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a plastic mask placed over the patient's nose and mouth through which ventilations can be delivered.
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positive pressure ventilation (PPV)
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method of aiding patient whose breathing is inadequate by forcing air into lungs.
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respiration
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the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide the takes place during inhalation and exhalation
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respiratory arrest
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complete stoppage of breathing.
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respiratory distress
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a condition in which a person is working harder than normally to breathe. Also called breathing difficulty.
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respiratory rate
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the number of breaths taken in one mine. Also called frequency.
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retractions
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depressions seen in the neck, above the clavicles, between the ribs, or below the rib cage from excessive muscle use during breathing. It is an indication of respiratory distress.
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regid catheter
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a rigid plastic tubes that is part of a suctioning system, commonly referred to as the (tonsil tips) or (tonsil sucker).
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Sellick maneuver
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see cricoid pressure.
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serous fluid
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fluid that acts as a lubricant to reduce to reduce the friction between the parietal and visceral pleura
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shock
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see hypoperfusion
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snoring
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a sound that is heard when the base of the tone or relaxed tissues in the pharynx partially block the upper airway; also called (sonorous sound).
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soft catheter
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flexible tubing that is part of a suctioning system, also called a (French catheter).
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stoma
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a surgical opening into the neck hand trachea; see also tracheotomy.
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stridor
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a harsh, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration that indicates swelling of larynx.
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tachypnea
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a breathing rate that is faster than the normal rate.
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therapy regulator
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a device that controls the flow and pressure of oxygen from the tank to allow for a consistent ant delivery of oxygen by liters per minute.
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thyroid cartilage
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the bulky cartilage that forms the anterior portion of the larynx; see Adam's apple
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tidal volumes
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the amount of air breathed in and out in one normal respiration
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tonsil tip or tonsil sucker
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see rigid catheter
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trachea
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a tubular structure that serves as the passageway for air to enter into the lungs; the windpipe.
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tracheostomy
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a surgical opening into the trachea in which a tube in inserted for the patient to breathe through; see also stoma
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tracheostomy tube
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a hollow tube that is inserted into a tracheostomy to allow fro the patient to breathe.
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upper airway
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the portion of the respiratory system that extends from the nose and mouth to the larynx.
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ventilation
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the passage of air into and out of the lungs
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visceral pleura
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innermost layer of the pleura that cores the lungs.
