Filial Play Therapy – Flashcards

- Guerney created FT in early 1960s -linking behavioral / social emotional problems to parents - believed lack of knowledge and skills in interacting with children was the issue of many parents - emphasis on the mother's role - Guerney practiced child-centered play therapy

- describes Filial Therapy as "a hybrid from a child-centered play therapy in which parents, or primary caregivers, engage in play therapy with their own children. " (170) - filial play therapy looks to build and cultivate the relationship between the parent and child versus child and therapist through the use of "reflective listening, structuring, and limit-setting skills" used in play sessions with their children

- head start serves those aged from 3-5 yrs old - research shows parents are able to allow their children to self-direct, through reflective listening skills and accepting their child's emotional expression and behavior - for as long as six months increase in parents empathy and acceptance -reduction in parent-stress and more confidence in child -long-term changes - "Sensue (1981) found significant improvements in parental acceptance and perceived child adjustment to be maintained for three years post-treatment" (171)

-decrease in parental stress= positive for families involved in Head Start -qualitative studies show the improvements on stress, anxiety, and depression levels along with parenting stress with Dominican and Puerto Rican mothers -skills taught that will carry over and be applicable for home setting -Darlene and Michael case Study- got to k ow her son, realized the issue with lack of father involvement, resolved issues in Michael's aggression/jealous behavior

-use of filial play therapy as a means to empower single parents attending community college, while balancing work and parenting -adjusting to change= lack of parent presence -use of FT as a preventative program ensuring a better future, healthier relationships, and mental stability to single parents and their children

-"Lundgren (1983) surveyed 33 women who were returning to community college after a period of absence. seventy-five percent of these study participants noted that they had dropped out or discontinued their education because of the responsibility of raising children." (472) -history and development of filial therapy- Freud and Rogers (475)

-"This combination of didactic instruction, coupled with supervision in a supportive atmosphere, provides a dynamic process that sets filial therapy training apart from other parent training programs, the majority of which are exclusively educational in nature." (476) -Guerney's approach= 6-12 months, Landreth (1991) proposed 10 week training model (Child-Parent Relationship Therapy CPRT- "meet demands of families facing financial and time constraints, emphasizing that this is a preventive approach that is helpful for all families" (477) -used 10 week model for single parents -small support-group format utilizing both didactic and dynamic aspects -6-8 parents meet 2 hr per week for 12 wks -"required to practice these new skills with their children in weekly 30 minute special play sessions and report their experiences to the group." (478) -parents also met with facilitators and other parents utilizing videotape footage of recorded play sessions that take place at a child clinic -adaptable program depending on age and circumstance -one child, one adult

- case study: Kathy and Robert, the importance of acceptance and setting limits on behavior -self-acceptance within a group model, allowed for acceptance from group and trainer

-learning to set limits -warning then consequence, not instantly yelling -"one of the things you may not do.." -allow for child to explore their ideas, play, and express themselves an their emotions -play therapy vs filial therapy chart

-Examining the data collected in the Bratton et al. (2005) meta-analysis, Bratton, Landreth, and Lin (2010) reported that studies using CPRT methodology exhibited an even larger treatment effect (d 1.30). This result is impressive when considering that parents conduct only seven play sessions with their children during the course of CPRT. A more recent meta-analysis conducted by Lin and Bratton (2015) replicated the finding that treatment involving caregivers trained in filial therapy resulted in statistically greater effect sizes when compared to treatment that did not involve filial therapy." (122) -child adjustment -family functioning (128)

-training experience of filial therapists -"examine grad student experience and perceptions before and after 15-week supervised filial therapy training" (240) -research questions 240 -found positive effects on both therapists and patients- non parents learned from parents

- 93 controlled outcome studies conducted to assess overall efficacy of play therapy and to determine factors that might impact its effectiveness" - "Play therapy appeared equally effective across age, gender, and presenting issue." -. "On average, children receiving play therapy interventions performed more than ¾ of a standard deviation better on given outcome measures compared with children who did not receive play therapy" - results and discussion

- applying filial therapy to foster parents and adopted children - "Because children in single-parent homes and adolescents in foster care have some common issues including negative stressors, emotional and behavior issues, and long-term adjustment issues, these results have positive implications for applying filial therapy to adolescents and their foster parents." (429) -understanding the idea of what is developmentally appropriate for foster children, as trauma and abuse may affect that in teens - tens may be suspicious and untrustworthy of intervention at first = importance of parental warmth and empathy -attachment- "all children need warm, intimate, and continuous relationship with [their] mother (or permanent mother substitute) in which both find satisfaction and enjoyment." (429) Bowlby

-refrain from rule-bound activities, do not promote creative individual expression (freedom) -"Adolescents in the foster care are often seen as disposable. If problem occurs in foster care, it is often easier to remove adolescents from the foster homes rather than continue to emotionally invest in adolescent foster children and strive to make these new family systems successful. Using filial therapy with adolescents and their foster parents offers a unique intervention that promotes connection between adolescents and their foster parent/parents. Through the use of this intervention, adolescent foster children's stability in foster homes has the potential to be greatly impacted by facilitating an increase in the attachment bond, ultimately mediating the potentially detrimental effects of serial placements." (431) -based on Landreth's 10 week model, 2 hr sessions and at home sessions 1 hr each week uninterrupted -"Along with the added benefit of attending support groups and implementing filial therapy into their relationship with their adolescent/adolescents in foster care, foster parents would also qualify to submit their filial therapy hours as training credit toward their certification as foster parents. There are yearly training hours required (both by state and federal law) each year—for foster parents in order to maintain their certification as foster parents." (431)

-10 week Landreth model, which seems to be used in flexible, stress-provoked, situations with those with little resources/time constraints -child-parent relationship training (CPRT) -"young children often excluded from process of improving parent-child relations" (423) -"Family relationships and play have the ability to cross cultural boundaries (e.g., child to parent, male to female, young to old), and for this reason filial therapy is an effective intervention with many cultures and populations(Bratton et al. 2005; Sweeney and Skurja 2001). Family therapy often requires a substantial investment of time and money. In contrast, filial therapy which is more time and cost efficient, and gives parents the tools they need to address future parenting issues." (423)

-most treatments involve educational services to understand the child and their emotional issues -"Filial therapy positively impacts parent-child relationships and, consequently, may help break the cycle of violence in families." (424) -phenomenological inquiry= allowing patients to offer insight into their "lived-experiences" -specialized trainers who have dealt with domestic violence cases and licensed mental health workers -16 participants received CPRT 10 week model Bratton -parents felt deeper sense of empathy and understanding towards their children after CPRT training

-peer assistance and leadership program students took part in study - study designed to look at high school students' observed empathic behavior with young children, observed attitude of acceptance toward young children, observed ability to allow self-direction in young children, and observed level of involvement with young children." (1) -"This study supports the use of filial/play therapy as an effective training model for increasing high school students' empathic behavior with young children. Filial/play therapy offers significant possibilities for training high school students in a developmentally appropriate model for working with young children identified with school adjustment difficulties, in order to prevent future problems." (2)

-discusses different applications of play therapy for those dealing with different personality/mood disorders -group settings, empowering parents , all short-term approaches

-study "explores the influence of play therapists' cultural awareness on their adaptation of the filial therapy modality with African American families." - "African American populations tend to not access mental health services." (1) -understanding the stress of living in an under served community