Immune and lymphatic systems and cancer (cna) – Flashcards
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Immune system
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Protects body from harmful substances
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Nonspecific immunity
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present at birth and protects the body from disease in general
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Specific immunity
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acquired by the body and manufactures antibodies as a response to an anthem in the body
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Active immunity
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vaccines cause the body to produce antibodies to protect against a particular disease
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Passive immunity
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a person is given the antibodies needed rinsed and against the antigen
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Lymph
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Clear yellowish fluid that moves into the lymph system from the tiny capillaries in the circulatory system
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Lymphatic system
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-Removes excess fluids and waste products from the tissues -helps immune system fight infection -thymus glands make T-cells which attack and destroy specific types of pathogens
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Functions of immune & lymphatic system
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-protects against the invasion of foreign substances and pathogens -return extra fluid to the circulatory system
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Normal changes of aging in the immune and lymphatic systems
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Immune system weakens, causing increased risk of all types of infections -antibody response slows -T.cells decrease in number -response to vaccines decrease
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Damages or destroys cells
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HIV attacks the body's immune system and....
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Blood, bodily fluids
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HIV acquired through ___ or ___ from an infected person
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AIDS
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___ is the final stage of HIV
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Most common methods of transmission of HIV
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-Unprotected or poorly protected oral, anal, or vaginal sex with an infected person -sharing drug needles or syringes -transmission from infected mother to new born through pregnancy, birth, or breast feeding
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In healthcare setting, infections CAN BE SPREAD through accidental contact with contaminated body fluids, needles or other sharp objects, or contaminated supplies or equipment
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...
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Autoimmune disease
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-Body is unable to recognize it's own tissue and attacks it -ex. Systemic lupus erythematosis and RA -cause: unknown, but may be genetic links -signs/symptoms: hormone supplements, medications, blood transfusion, insulin
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Linen
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Change ___ when it's soiled
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2
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Change positions every __ hours or as directed
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Vital signs
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Monitor ______ often
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Tooth brushes
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Use soft ____ for oral care
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Fluids
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Encourage ____
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Weight intake and output
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Carefully measure ____ & ____
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Tumor
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Cancer normally occurs in the form of a ___ that grows on or within a human body
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Benign, malignant
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Tumors are either ____ (non-cancerous) or ____ (cancerous)
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Metastasize
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Cancer can act in different ways. It can ____, or spread to other areas of the body
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Risk factors for cancer
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-Age -Race -Gender -Family history -Tobacco/alcohol use -Poor Diet/obesity -Lack of Exercise -Sun exposure -Chemicals and food additives -Radiation
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Tissue
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A biopsy is the Removal of a sample of ____ for examination and diagnosis
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Biopsy
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A diagnosis of cancer is made after various tests such as a ____ have been performed
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Treatment plan
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After the diagnosis of cancer is made, the ____ is developed.
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Various treatments of cancer
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-surgery -radiation therapy -chemotherapy -hormone therapy -immunotherapy
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Wigs, scarves, or hats
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Offer __, __, or __ for hair loss
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Clean and well groomed
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Help residents stay ___ & ____
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Makeup
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Assist with application of ___, if needed
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Oral
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Give ___ care often
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Gentle
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Be ____
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Soft
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Use ___ brushes or special swabs
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Mild
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Use ___ mouth rinsed to reduce bad taste from medication or vomiting
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Sleep, eat
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Cancer can cause severe pain. It can affect the ability to____, ____ and move about. Medications and other measures are used to treat pain. Observe and report signs of pain in residents with cancer.
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Temperature
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Monitor all vital signs especially _____
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Nurse
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Report changes in vital signs to _____
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Rest
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Allow plenty time for ____
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Limitations
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Recognize _____
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Ambulation
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Assist with _____
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Catheter
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Give _____ care as needed
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Hidden
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Test stool for ____ blood as ordered
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Social workers
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Ask ____ about support groups
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Depression, suicide
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Observe and report signs of _____ or comments about ____
