med term Ch 4 integumentary pathology – Flashcards
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nodule filled with a semisolid material, such as a keratinous or sebaceous _________ cyst/o
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cyst
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hemorrhage or extravasation (leaking) of blood into the subcutaneous tissue; resultant darkening is commonly described as a bruise ec- out; chym/o juice; -osis abnormal condition
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ecchymosis
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any visible, localized abnormality of skin tissue
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lesion
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early skin changes that have not yet undergone natural evolution or change caused by manipulation
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primary lesion
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result of natural evolution or manipulation of a primary lesion
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secondary lesion
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collection of extravasated blood trapped in the tissues and palpable to the examiner, such as on the ear hemat/o blood; -oma mass
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hematoma
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flat blemish or discoloration less than 1 cm, such as a freckle, port-wine stain, or tattoo macul/o spot
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macule
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palpable, solid lesion less than 2 cm, such as a very small lipoma nod/o knot; -ule small
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nodule
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raised solid skin lesion less than 1 cm, such as a pimple papul/o pimple
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papule
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large, flat, nonpalpable macule, larger than 1 cm
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patch
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tiny ecchymosis within the dermal layer
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petechia
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raised plateaulike papule greater than 1 cm, such as a psoriatic lesion or seborrheic keratosis
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plaque
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massive hemorrhage into the tissues under the skin purpur/o purple; -a noun ending
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purpura
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superficial, elevated lesion containing pus that may be the result of an infection, such as acne pustul/o pustule
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pustule
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permanent dilation of groups of superficial capillaries and venules tel/e far; angi/o vessel; -ectasia dilation
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telangiectasia
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nodule more than 2 cm; any mass or swelling, including neoplasms
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tumor
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circumscribed, elevated lesion containing fluid and smaller than 1/2 cm, such as an insect bite. If larger than 1/2 cm, it is termed a bulla; Commonly called a blister vesicul/o blister or small sac
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vesicle
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circumscribed, elevated papule caused by localized edema, which can result from a bug bite uritcaria, or hives, results from an allergic reaction
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wheal
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paper-thin, wasted skin often occuring in the aged or as stretch marks (striae) from rapid weight gain a- no, not, without; troph/o development; -y process
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atrophy
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pl. cicatrices a scar an area of fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after destruction of some of the dermis
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cicatrix
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dried serum, blood, and/or pus may occur in inflammatory and infectious diseases, such as impetigo, or as the result of a burn also called a scab (eschar/o scab)
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eschar
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cracklike lesion of the skin, such as an anal fissure
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fissure
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type of scar that is an overgrowth of tissue at the site of an injury in excess of the amount of tissue necessary to repair the wound the extra tissue is partially due to an accumulation of collagen at the site
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keloid
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circumscribed craterlike lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting from necrosis, or tissue death, that can accompany an inflammatory, infectious, or malignant process e.g. decubitus ulcer (bed sore)
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ulcer
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chronic, pruritic superficial inflammation of the skin usually associated with a family history of allergic disorders a- no, not without; top/o place, location; -ic pertaining to dermat/o skin; -itis inflammation
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atopic dermatitis
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diffuse, spreading, acute inflammation within solid tissues most common cause is Streptococcus pyogenes infection cellul/o cell; -itis inflammation
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cellulitis
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irritated or allergic response of the skin that can lead to an acute or chronic inflammation
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contact dermatitis
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superficial inflammation of the skin, characterized by vesicles, weeping, and pruritis aka dermatitis or the bane of my existence
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eczema
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inflammation of the hair follicles, which may be superficial or deep, acute or chronic follicul/o follicle; -itis inflammation
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folliculitis
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localized, suppurative staphylococcal skin infection originating in a gland or hair follicle and characterized by pain, redness, and swelling. Two or more connected by subcutaneous pockets = carbuncle
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furuncle
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superficial vesiculopustular skin infection, normally seen in children, but possible in adults
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impetigo
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growth of hair in a cyst in the sacral region pil/o hair; nid/o nest; -al pertainig to
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pilonidal cyst
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inflammatory scaling disease of the scalp and face in newborns = cradle cap seb/o sebum; -rrheic pertaining to discharge
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seborrheic dermatitis
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yeast infection in moist, occluded areas of the skin (armpits, inner thighs, underneath pendulous breasts) and mucous membranes aka moniliasis
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candidiasis
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fungal infection of the skin aka dermaphytosis dermat/o skin; myc/o fungus; -osis abnormal condition
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dermatomycosis
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fungal infection of the scalp (ringworm) capit/o head; -is structure
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tinea capitis
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ringworm of the body, manifested by pink to red papulosquamous annular (ringlike) plaques with raised borders corpor/o body; -is structure
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tinea corporis
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fungal infection that occurs mainly on external genitalia and upper legs in males, particularly in warm weather jock itch crur/o leg; -is structure
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tinea cruris
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fungal infection of the foot athlete's foot ped/o foot; -is structure
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tinea pedis
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parasitic infection with lice, involving the head, body, or genital area pedicul/o lice; -osis abnormal condition
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pediculosis
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parasitic infection caused by mites; characterized by pruritic papular rash
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scabies
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generally, viral diseases characterized by a specific type of rash (exanthem) measles, rubella, fifth disease, roseola, and chix pox exanthemat/o rash; -ous pertaining to
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exanthematous diseases
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aka HSV viral infection characterized by clusters of small vesicles filled with clear fluid on raised inflammatory bases on the skin or mucosa HSV-1 fever blisters and keratitis, inflammation of the cornea HSV-2 genital herpes
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herpes simplex virus
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acute, painful rash caused by reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus aka shingles
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herpes zoster
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pl. verrucae common, contagious epithelial growths usually appearing on the skin of the hands, feet, legs, and face; can be caused by any of 60 types of human papillomavirus (hpv) aka warts
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verruca
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inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands characterized by papules, pustules, inflamed nodules, and comedones, which are plugs of sebum that partially or completely block a pore
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acne vulgaris
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plugs of sebum that partially or completely block a pore blackheads - open whiteheads - closed
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comedones
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hair loss, resulting from genetic factors, aging, or disease
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alopecia
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abnormal excess of hair; also known as hirsutism hyper- excessive; trich/o hair; -osis abnormal condition
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hypertrichosis
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benign cavity lined by keratinizing epithelium and filled with sebum and epithelial debris aka sebaceous cyst kerat/o hard, horny; -in substance; -ous pertaining to
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keratinous cysts
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tiny superficial keratinous cysts caused by clogged oil ducts
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milia
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common chronic skin disorder characterized by circumscribed, salmon-red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales that are the result of excessive development of epithelial cells
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psoriasis
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common painless thickening of the stratum corneum at locations of external pressure or friction
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callus
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horny mass of condensed epithelial cells overlying a bony prominence as the result of pressure or friction; also referred to as a clavus
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corn
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bedsore, pressure ulcer, or pressure sore highest stage, stage 6, involves muscles, fat, and bone
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decubitus ulcer
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category of dry skin that has the scaly appearance of a fish ranges from mild (xeroderma) to severe icthy/o fish; -osis abnormal condition; xer/o dry
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ichthyosis
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a condition in which a person produces little or no sweat an- no not without; hidr/o sweating; -osis abnormal condition
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anhidrosis
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inflammation of the sweat glands hidraden/o sweat gland; -itis inflammation
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hidradenitis
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excessive perspiration caused by heat, strong emotion, menopause, hyperthyroidism, or infection hyper- excessive; hidr/o sweat; -osis abnormal condition
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hyperhidrosis
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minute vesicles and papules, often with surrounding erythema (redness), caused by occlusion of sweat ducts during times of exposure to heat and high humidity
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miliaria
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inflammation of the fingernail; aka onychitis onych/o nail; -ia condition
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onychia
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abnormal condition of hidden (ingrown) nail onchy/o nail; crypt- hidden; -osis abnormal condition
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onychocryptosis
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separation of the nail plate from the nail bed onych/o nail; -lysis loosening
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onycholysis
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softening of the nails onych/o nail; -malacia softening
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onychomalacia
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abnormal condition of nail fungus; also called tinea unguium onych/o nail; myc/o fungus; -osis abnormal condition
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onychomycosis
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infection of the skin beside the nail par-beside near; onych/o nail; -ia condition
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paronychia
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complete lack of melanin production by existing melanocytes, resulting in pale skin, white hair, and pink irides albin/o white; -ism condition
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albinism
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abnormality of skin pigmentation hyperchromia, hypochromia dys- abnormal; chrom/o color; -ia condition
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dyschromia
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benign acquired disease of unknown origin, consisting of irregular patches of various sizes lacking in pigment
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vitiligo
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burn in which only the first layer of skin, the epidermis, is damaged 1st degree no scar development
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superficial burn
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only first and second layers of the skin are affected 2nd degree burn to papillary = superficial to reticular = deep possible scar development
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partial-thickness burn
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burn that damages the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue 3rd degree pain not present because nerve endings destroyed scar formation likely
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full-thickness burn
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extends beyond subcutaneous tissue into the muscle and bone 4th degree - not universally accepted category
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deep full-thickness burn
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localized vascular lesion that includes hemangiomas, vascular nevi, and lymphangiomas angi/o vessel; -oma tumor
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angioma
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fibrous tumor of the skin that is painless, round, firm, and usually found on the extremities dermat/o skin; fibr/o fiber; -oma tumor
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dermatofibroma
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nevus is a pigmented lesion often present at birth (mole) abnormal changes give rise to concern for progression to malignancy (ABCDE) dys- abnormal; plast/o formation; -ic pertaining to nev/o birthmark; -us structure, thing
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dysplastic nevus
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fatty tumor that is a soft, movable, subcutaenous module lip/o fat; -oma tumor
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lipoma
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bening, circumscribed, pigmented, superficial warty skin lesion (actinic keratosis is caused by sun exposure) seb/o sebum; -rrheic pertaining to discharge kerat/o hard, horny; -osis abnormal condition
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seborrheic keratosis
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small, soft, pedunculated lesions that are harmless outgrowths of epidermal and dermal tissue, usually occurring on the neck, eyelids, armpits, and groin; usually occur in multiples aka acrochordons
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skin tags
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BCC most common form of skin cancer; originates in basal layer of the epidermis; usually occurs on the face as a result of sun exposure and rarely metastasizes bas/o base; -al pertaining to; carcinoma cancer of epithelial origin
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basal cell carcinoma
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rare form of skin cancer that takes the form of red/blue/brown/purple nodules, usually on the extremities one form appears most often in patients with deficient immune systems sarcoma CT tissue cancer
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Kaposi sarcoma
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this cancerous tumor arises from mutated melanocytes leading cause of death from all skin diseases melan/o black, dark; -oma tumor
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malignant melanoma
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SCC second most common type of skin cancer, also caused by sun exposure, but developing from squamous cells squam/o scaly; -ous pertaining to; carcinoma cancer of epithelial origins
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squamous cell carcinoma
