Chapter 25-Anus, Rectum and Prostate – Flashcards
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Length of anal canal and the rectum in an adult, and describe the location of these structures in the lower abdomen
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anal canal- 3.8 cm; outlet of the GI tract rectum- 12 cm; distal portion of the large intestine
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Describe the shape, size, and location of the male prostate gland
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In front of the anterior wall of the rectum, 2 cm behind the symphysis pubis *2.5 cm long, 4 cm in diameter -Bilobed with round or heart shaped, lateral lobes seperated by median sulcus
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List a few examples of high fiber soluble and insoluble Advantages of these foods for the body
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Soluble: vegetables, fruits, legumes Insoluble:seeds and skins of fruits and vegies Advantages: normalize BMs, maintain bowel health, decrease cholesterol levels, help control blood sugar levels, aids in achieving healthy weight
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List screening measures that are recommended for early detection of colon-rectal cancer and of prostate cancer
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Colorectal--> colonoscopy every 10 years, annual fecal immunochemical test Prostate--> blood test for prostate-specific antigen and physical examination
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State the method of promoting anal sphincter relaxation to aid palpation of the anus and rectum
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Have pt take a deep breath and hold it Place pad of index finger gently against anal verge Will feel sphincter tighten then relax As relaxes, as pt to exhale and flex tip of finger and slowly insert it into the anal canal in direction towards umbilicus
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Describe the normal physcial characteristics of the prostate gland that would be assessed by palpation: Size Shape Surface Consistency Mobility Sensitivity
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Size: 2.5 cm long, 4 cm in diameter, should not protrude more than 1 cm into rectum Shape: heart shaped with palpable central groove Surface: smooth Consistency:elastic, rubbery Mobility: slightly movable Sensitivity: nontender
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Define the condition: Benign prostate hypertrophy.
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Caused by hormonal imbalance that leads to benign proliferation of benign adenomas Gradually will impede urine output *NOT CANCER!*
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constipation
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decrease in stool frequency, with difficult passing of very hard, dry stools
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fissure
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painful longitudinal tear in tissue
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hemorrhoid
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flabby papules of skin or mucous membrane in the anal region caused by a varicose vein of the hemorrhoidal plexus
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melana
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blood in the stool
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pruritus
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itching or burning sensation in the skin
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steatorrhea
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excessive fat in the stool, as in GI malabsorption of fat
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Valves of Houston
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set of three semilunar transverse folds that cross half the circumference of the rectal lumen
