Chapter 13 A and P – Flashcards
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Serous membrane that surrounds each lung is
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Pleura
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Folds of mucous membrane called ______ vibrate to provide speech
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Vocal cords
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_________ cartilage that protects the opening of the larynx is called the epiglottis
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Elastic
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Rings that reinforce the trachea are constructed of
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Hyaline
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Air enters the trachea through the
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Mouth and nose
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______ lining the mucosa of the trachea beat continuously to propel contaminated mucus
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Cilia
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Mucosa-lined windpipe that extends from the larynx to the level of the fifth thoracic vertabrae
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Trachea
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________ routes air and food into their proper channels and plays an important role in speech production
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Larynx
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______ tonsil, or adenoid, is located high in the nasopharynx region
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Nasopharyngeal
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three regions of the pharynx
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Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
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Posterior portion of the palate that is not supported by bone is
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Soft palate
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Three mucosa-covered projections into the nasal cavity
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Superior, Middle, and inferior conchae
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Carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms
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Carbonic acid
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Is an odorless, colorless gas which binds preferentially with the same binding site on hemoglobin as oxygen
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Carbon monoxide
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Oxygen binds to hemoglobin to form what
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Oxyhemoglobin
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Respiratory capacities are measured with
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Volume of air
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The total amount of exchangeable air is known as
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Vital capacity
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_______ volume is the air moved into and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing
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Tidal
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Lung collapse
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Pneumothorax
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Air flowing out of the lungs is
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Peak flow
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Inspiratory muscles that contract so we can inspire air are the
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Diaphragm
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Gas exchange between the pulmonary blood and alveoli is called
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External respiration
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Smallest conducting passageways of the lungs are
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Alveoli
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Division of the trachea produces two tubes called the right and left
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Primary bronchi
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Which tonsils are located in the oropharynx?
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Palatine and lingual tonsils
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Nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by
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Palate
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What is the role of mucus?
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Traps viruses and protects opening to body
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What sweeps contaminated mucus from the nasal cavity
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Cilia
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The respiratory conducting passageways perform all of the following functions
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Humidify, purify, warm air and allows air to enter the lungs
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Gas exchange occurs in
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Respiratory zone
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__________ is a fatty molecule made by alveolar cells to reduce cells to reduce surface tension
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Surfactant
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Breathing becomes deeper and more rapid
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Hyperventilation
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Most important stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is the body's need to to rid itself of
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Carbon dioxide
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The diaphragm and external intercostals is controlled by nerve impulses transmitted from the brain via the
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Phrenic nerves
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Portions of the brain that contain respiratory centers and set the breathing rate
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Medulla oblongata and pons
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Normal respiratory rate of 12-15 breaths per minute is known as
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Eupnea
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Structures that aren't part of the respiratory system
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Primary bronchi
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Function of an alveolar macrophage
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Picks up bacteria, carbon particles, and other debris
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Serous membrane covering the surface of the lungs
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Pleura
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Superior portion of each lung
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Apex
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Vibration due to exhaled air that results in speech is a function of
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True vocal cords
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Flap of elastic cartilage that protects food from entering the larynx
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Epiglottis
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Opening between the vocal cords
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Glottis
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Removal of the larynx, a person would be unable to
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Speak
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Pathway air flows through the respiratory system
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Nose/mouth, trachea, bronchi, lungs, bronchioles, alveoli
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Drains the inner ear and the pharynogotympanic tubes open into the
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Nasopharynx
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Air from the nasal cavity enters the superior portion of the pharynx called the
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Nasopharynx
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Amount of air exchanged during normal quiet breathing is about
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500 mL
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After a forceful expiration, air still remains in the lungs. This volume is
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Residual
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Respiratory movement representing the total amount of exchangeable air
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Vital capacity
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Condition of a collapsed lung
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Pneumothorax
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Nonrespiratory air movement clears the upper respiratory passageways
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Cough/sneeze
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Expiration occurs when
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Air leaves the lungs
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Gas exchange that occurs between blood and tissue cells at systemic capillaries
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Internal respiration
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Air moving in and out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing
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Tidal volume
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Lipid molecule critical to lung function that coats the gas-exposed alveolar surfaces
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Surfactant
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Exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by
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Diffusion
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The following is the four main events of respiration
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Pulmonary ventilation, respiratory gas transport, external respiration, and internal respiration
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Surfactant is usually present in fetal lungs in adequate quantities by
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28-30 weeks of pregnancy
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Accounts for the majority of cases of lung cancer
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Smoking
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Respiratory disease in which sufferers are often called "pink puffers"
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Chronic airway obstruction
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Most important chemical stimulus leading to increased rate and depth of breathing
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Increased carbon dioxide in the blood
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Dizziness, tingling in the lips, hands or feet, headache weakness, fainting and seizures are signs of
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Hyperventilation
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Hypoventilation dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves
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Extremely slow breathing
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Hyperventilation is the body's response to
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Decrease in oxygen levels
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Breathing rate that represents eupnea
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Normal respiratory rate
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Oxygen is transported in the blood as
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Oxyhemoglobin
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Oxygen diffuses into surroundings cells and tissues during
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Pulmonary gas exchange
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carbon dioxide dissolves in blood plasma for transport as
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Hemoglobin
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age-related disorders is related to loss of elasticity of the lungs and hypoxia
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Sleep apnea
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Hypersensitive bronchial passages that respond to many irritants are characteristic of
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Asthma
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Homeostatic imbalance associated with the death of many full-term newborn infatnts
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SIDS
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Respiratory rate in infants is ________.
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highest
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Most common cause of lung cancer
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Smoking
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IRDS stands for
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Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome
