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First step

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Recognize that an emergency exists

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Second step

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Check that the scene is safe

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Primary goal of first aid

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Is to prevent the victims condition from getting worse

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Important action

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CALL 9-1-1

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Important reason for checking a scene

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Your own safety. You always want to make sure you do not become a victim if scene is unsafe

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When victim has been in an accident & is uncooperative and threatens to hurt you

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Withdrawal and wait for EMS to arrive

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Basic steps you should take in an emergency:

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1.) Check the scene for safety/ Check the victim 2.) Call 9-1-1 3.)Care for the victim

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When you have an unresponsive victim...

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Immediately call 9-1-1, tap shoulder and shout "are you okay".

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Good Samaritan Law

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Give legal protection to citizens responders who willingly provide emergency care. It protects those who are not expecting anything in return& act in a reasonable and prudent manner.

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BEFORE You can give first aid

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you MUST FIRST obtain consent/permission to help the victim. Consent may be expressed or implied.

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Expressed consent

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Victim verbally expressed permission to be treated. They are alert, responsive, and can communicate with you

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Implied consent

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Is assumed consent/ permission from an unresponsive victim. If they could respond they would agree to treatment.

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When you obtain consent from a victim:

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You tell the victim who you are, level of training, what you would like to do

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Barriers to act in an emergency are:

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The presence of bystanders, fear of disease and transmission & nature of the illness or injury.

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The five body cavities are:

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Cranial, Vertebral/Spinal canal, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic

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10 body systems

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Respiratory Cardiovascular Nervous Musculoskeletal Integumentary Gastrointestinal Immune Endocrine Urinary Reproductive Ron can never make impossible gigs in every ups round.

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Integumentary system

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Consists of skin, hair & nails

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The nervous system

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Is a body system that regulates all other body systems

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Thoracic Cavity

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Contains the heart and the lungs

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Abdominal cavity

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Is the most vulnerable to injury because there is no bone to protect it

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Arteries

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Move blood from the heart throughout the cardiovascular system

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Capillaries

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are tiny blood vessels between arteries and veins where oxygen and nutrients in the blood pass into tissues of the cell and waste and Carbon dioxide are removed from cells into the venous circulation

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Alveoli

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Are tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and CO2 pass into and out of small blood vessels

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Veins

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Return deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

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SAMPLE

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Is an acronym referring to the history of victim S- signs & symptoms A- allergies M-meds P- previous problem L- last food or drink E- events leading up to the injury or illness

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Heart attack symptom..

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chest pain for more than 5 min, pain is caused due to heart not getting enough oxygen needed to function normally

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Responsive child who is choking

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preform cycle if 5 back blows & 5 abdominal thrusts If child becomes unresponsive you lower the child and call 9-1-1

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To open an adult airway for rescue breathing...

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Use the head tilt / chin lift technique

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The correct ration of Chest compressions to breathes for adults, children& infants is..

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Single rescuer CPR 30:2

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Chest compressions should be...

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At least 100 per min for adult, child and infant

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Chest compressions on an adult require..

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Both hands, one on top if the other in the center of the chest between nipple line

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Why are rescue breaths needed ?

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To get oxygen into the victims body

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Rescue breaths for an adult is

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1 breath every 5 to 6 seconds

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Rescue breaths for children and infants is

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1 breath every 3 to 5 seconds

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Ventricular fibrillation

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Occurs when the ventricles of the heart are quivering rather than pumping.

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After shock is given from AED...

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Immediately start compressions

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The cardiac chain of survival

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1.) immediate recognition of cardiac arrest & call 9-1-1 2.) early CPR with emphasis on chest compressions 3.) rapid defibrillation 4.) effective advanced life support 5.) integrated post-cardiac arrest care

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A heart attack is caused by..

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A reduced blood flow or blockage in the coronary arteries, which supply the heart muscle with blood.

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Shock

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Is a life threatening condition that occurs when vital body organs are not receiving enough oxygenated blood

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Different causes of shock...

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Hypovolemic shock- when blood volume drops(severe blood loss) Cardiogenic shock- when the heart function is poor or damaged, can not pump effectively Neurogenic shock- when blood temporarily dilate b/c of nervous system reaction, or spinal cord injury. Anaphylactic shock- extreme allergic reaction

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When a victim is in shock

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The heart beats faster to compensate for the loss of body fluids

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In order to prevent or slow down shock condition

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Keep blood flowing to vital organs by elevating the victims legs 6-12 inches

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To treat minor bleeding on the forearm

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Check scene, put gloves on, apply firm pressure to skin over the wound to slow the bleeding.

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Three types of bleeding

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Arterial, venous, and capillary. Arterial bleeding is the most serious

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Severe bleeding

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Is life threatening b/c too little oxygen is carried to the vital organs

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Minor bleeding

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Like a small cut or scrape, usually stops by its self with in 10 min

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When caring for minor closed wound

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Apply cold & elevate the injured area

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To prevent infection of a minor open wound

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Wash area with soap and water

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Correct order of steps when caring for a victim who is bleeding:

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1.) put gloves on 2.) places sterile dressing or clean cloth 3.) apply pressure 4.) re evaluate bleeding, apply another dressing, than apply pressure bandage

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A pressure bandage is applied ...

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Over a wound to maintain pressure to control bleeding

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Avulsion

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Is a piece of skin or soft tissue torn partially from the body.

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If you don't have gloves and you want to help someone who is bleeding...

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You instruct the injured person to apply pressure with his hand onto the cut.

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Nose bleed care..

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Have victim sit and tilt head forward with mouth open, pinch nostrils together(just below bridge of nose) maintain pressure for 10 min, breath through mouth

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Signs and symptoms of shock are:

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Anxiety, confusion, restlessness, dizziness, lightheaded, cool clammy or sweating skin, pale or blue color, rapid shallow breathing, rapid or weak pulse, compliant of thirst, nausea or vomiting, change in responsiveness

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Signs of good circulation

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Normal skin color, temperature same as before wrapping, no tingling sensation

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Internal bleeding

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Bleeding with in the body, can be life threatening, may see a bruise in the affected area.

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When person is going into shock...

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We can not give anything to eat or drink& no smoking for smokers

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Standard treatment for shock is...

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Call 9-1-1, be ready to give basic life support, position victim on back, raise legs for blood flow, loosen tight clothing, maintain normal body temp with blankets, stay with the victim & provide comfort as well as monitor change

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Best care for traumatically amputated finger..

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Rinse finger, wrap in dressing, place in plastic bag, seal the bag& put the bag inside another bag of water and ice seal bag with name

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Skin is composed of..

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Two primary layers: outer(epidermis)& the deep(dermis)

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Dermis layer of skin...

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Contains the nerves, hair roots, sweat and oil glands and blood vessels

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Burns

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A break in the skin can cause infection, fluid loss and loss of body temp. Burns can damage the respiratory system and eyes

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Burns are classified by..

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Depth(superficial/ first degree; deep partial thickness/ second degree burn; full thinkness/third degree burn), %of body surface affected, the location & by the source(thermal, chemical, electrical and radiation) THE DEEPER THE BURN THE MORE SEVERE

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rules of nines

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Is a method used for calculating the percentage of body surface area of a burn

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First degree burn

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Site is pink or red, involve top later of skin is superficial; painful, may swell, heals in 5-6 days

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Second degree burn(Partial thickness burn)

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May look red and have blisters, may be open blisters with clear flood, may look blotched. Painful, may swell 3-4 weeks to heal. Some scaring may occur

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Third degree burn(Full thickness burns)

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Looks brown and black, VERY PAINFUL or not painful if the nerve & muscle are destroyed. Life threatening, take long time to heal.

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When treating a victim with burn injuries

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remove jewelry, apply dressing to blister to prevent infection.

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To care for a victim of an electrical burn:

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Make sure scene is safe, check for hazards, call 9-1-1, care for life threatening conditions, be prepared to give CPR and use ARD to defibrillate the victim

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Care for burns:

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Stop the burning immediately by cooling the area with cool running water, remove jewelry and constricting clothing, cover burn with dry and loose nonstick dressing

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