2.1 The Nature of Matter Study Guide – Flashcards
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atoms
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basic units of matter
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1,000,000 atoms=
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1 centimeter
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components of an atom
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protons, neutrons, and electrons
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protons
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positive charge located in the nucleus relatively big
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electrons
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negative charge Located around the nucleus Relatively small (tiny!) Fill levels around the nucleus (2-8-8 pattern)
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neutrons
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neutral charge Located in nucleus Relatively big
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elements
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are pure substances made of only one type of atom
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periodic table
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Organized collection of all known elements
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element symbol
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letter(s) assigned to represent the element
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atomic number
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number of protons in the atom
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atomic mass
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the average mass of all atoms of that type (calculated by rounding neutrons + protons)
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nuclei
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are unstable and they breakdown over time
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Compounds
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are substances formed by atoms of two or more elements joined together by chemical bonds.
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Compounds can be expressed with formulas
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(H2O, CO2)
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Ionic bonds
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One or more electron is transferred from one atom to the next
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Ionic bonds Results in
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ions
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Ions
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are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, so they carry a charge
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Covalent bonds
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One or more electrons are shared by two atoms
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Both atoms share at least
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one of their electrons with the other
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when atoms are joined by covalent bonds they form
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molecules (may be the same element)
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covalent bonds are stronger than ionic bonds because of
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sharing
