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Louis Armstrong

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jazz musician from New Orleans who revolutionized music(revolutionary)

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Buddy Bolden

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(revolutionary) Original jazz musician who combined European instruments and African rhythms to create a modern sound Sig. Demonstrates revolutionary music created during the 1920's promoting dancing and promiscuity. Challenges Old Traditions.

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Jelly Roll Morton

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(rev) Original jazz musician who promoted the spread of jazz by writing jazz compositions Sig. Demonstrates the spread of jazz music created during the 1920's promoting dancing and promiscuity. Challenges Old Traditions.

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Original Dixieland Jazz Player

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(traditional) All white jazz band who stole the sound and styles of black jazz musicians and produced some of the most popular jazz records of the 1920's Sig. Music and band were not as good as many black contemporaries however they sold more records because of their race. Demonstrates racism and traditional ideas were prominent in the 1920's.

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Amos N Andy

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(traditional) Hugely popular racist radioshow that peaked at over 40 million viewers (1/3 US Population) - Crude depiction of African American characters, clearly different than white - 2 black men (Amos Jones and Andy Brown) own a taxi cab company in Chicago

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Andy Brown

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more of a \"dreamer\" than Amos Jones, didn't do as much work, gullible Sig: Andy represented the image of stereotypical African American at the time. He was not smart, he didnt work hard, and he was very gullible and often lured into scams. This showed a traditional view of African Americans and this promoted that view for the listeners of the show.

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The Pittsburgh Courier

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(rev) - this was the 2nd largest African American newspaper in the country at the time. They were the first to publicaly protest against Amos n Andy and criticized the show as \"crude, repetitious, and moronic\". There were over 600,000 supporters of this protest. Sig: This showed that the show offended many African Americans and many were not on-board with the show. This was significant because it was the first time a public protest was led against the show, and it proved that African Americans did not like being depicted in the ways they are in Amos N Andy.

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Oscar Wilde

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homosexual author of the 1800s who served as an icon and martyr for gay culture

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The Picture of Dorian Gray

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homoerotic overtones demonstrative of Wilde's unabashed homosexuality

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Pansy Craze

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1920s sudden interest with drag shows and gay culture

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F. Scott Fitzgerald

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American novelist, revolutionary. Commented on the new society/life in the 1920s

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The Jazz Age

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:(Revolutionary) time of dancing, music, drinking, affairs. This is significant because it shows American rebellion against traditional values after the disappointment of WW1. Fitzgerald named the Jazz Age, to demonstrate how revolutionary it was.

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The Lost Generation

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(Revolutionary) group of American authors. They are significant because they said the Jazz Age was occurring because men and women who served in the war were rebelling against America. People were mad at the government and American values. Through their writing they explained and observed American society in the 1920's.

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Sacco and Vanzetti

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(traditional) Italian immigrants who were accused of killing and stealing money from a paymaster and his guard

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Immigration Act of 1924

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(traditional) limited the amount of immigrants allowed into the USA Significance: reflects the fear of communism in America

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Lawyer Katzman

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(traditional) on the prosecution's side who defended the murdered men who focused on irrelevant evidence to the case Significance: shows that he was prejudiced toward the immigrants

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George Gershwin

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White composer, revolutionized the music industry in the 1920's

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Rhapsody and Blue

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revolutionized music with his new style and got people talking about him. Sig- Shows how Gershwin changed music and developed an entirely new genre. He opened the door for other musicians to follow in his footsteps.

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Porgy and Bess

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(rev) Opera written by Gershwin for the Metropolitan theatre. It was based around the African American Community in the South during this time period. Sig- Shows how Gershwin was not racist and helped open other people's minds in accepting blacks.

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Duke Ellington

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Composer/musician, revolutionized black involvement in the music industry

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The Cotton Club

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(rev or trad) An all white club in which Duke and his band were made house band, featured primarily black entertainers. Trad: segregated club. Significance: Showed that America was becoming less closed-minded on the racism front. The Cotton Club may have been all white, but it featured primarily black entertainers.

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Choo Choo (Gotta Hurry Home)

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A nationwide hit produced by Duke that was a standard of the \"American Genre\" as he called it (Melded classical and jazz). Significance: Showed that African Americans for the first time were being able to be heroes of the United States.

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Charlie Chaplin

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(revolutionary) Silent film star, one of the first celebrities of his era, promoted the new art form of film.

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Keystone Film Company

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First film company to sign Charlie Chaplin to a contract. Sig- Shows rise of cinema

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Flapper

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(revolutionary) they broke away from old set of values and started a sexual revolution Sought to eliminate social double standards, clung to their youth and took risks: smoking, drinking, cursing, casual sex, speakeasies, prohibition, carried flasks, birth control, driving Henry Fords automobile New look shorter skirts, shorter hair, more make up flaunting sexuality

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Charleston

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(rev) - was the dance of the Flapper during the Jazz Age, it fit the flappers fast pace lifestyles, flappers preformed in night clubs and popularized dancing which became competitive Sig: The Charleston fit the Flappers fast paced lifestyles, it challenged their traditional roles as household wives, and mothers, working outside the home challenging women's traditional societal roles, it showed the change of the 1920's and how women were fully embracing that change

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Olive Thomas

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(rev) - the original flapper, stared in many films the most famous being \"The Flapper\", she portrayed a young girl growing up in the1920's and adopting the characteristics of a flapper Sig: She popularized the flapper image, she is significant because she challenged the old traditions of women embodying all the characteristics of a flapper, she was a Hollywood star and was very influential to people

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Birth of a Nation

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(traditional)- controversial movie from 1915 showing the KKK going into the South and liberating all the white people from the \"oppression\" of the black people of the south. Showed the racism and traditional views in America.

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Flora Cameron

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(traditional)- one of the main characters in Birth of a Nation. Stereotypical white, southern, christian woman. Instead of having to marry a black man she decided to jump to her death and kill herself. Significant because it showed the views of a lot of white Americans and that they felt they were better then black Americans at the time. Her character represented the ideals of a white southern christian American.

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William J. Simmons

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(traditional)- leader of the second era of the KKK. He was inspired to re-unite the KKK and make it more powerful after seeing the movie. Significant because it shows how large of an impact that this film had and that people really believed that it was sending the right message to American about racism and how it should be handled. Represented the traditional views of white Americans.

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Margaret Sanger

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revolutionary AND traditional)- birth control activist and nurse

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Comstock Law 1873

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The Comstock Law was passed in the US in 1873, it was also considered the Post Office Act. This law prevented anything that the government viewed as \"obscene\" to be sent through mail or distributed. Significant to Margaret Sanger because she coins the term birth control and begins to distribute information on birth control and abortions, and distribute actual birth control. This is revolutionary of her to distribute birth control information during this time. Later in her life she is arrested under this law because of distributing information and birth control. In 1938 the law is ended and doctors are allowed to hand out information regarding birth control and actual birth control.

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The Negro Project

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(traditional)- Through eugenics and racism Margaret Sanger began to attempt at created what she viewed as a perfect race. The Negro Project was Sanger's way of providing birth control to poor African American women. By providing birth control for them she was able to help ensure that they would not be reproducing. She was attempting to \"exterminate\" the Black population. Significant to the 1920's and Margaret Sanger because she is using a very revolutionary thing (birth control) to support very traditional views (ideas on racism).

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Women's Suffrage

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(revolutionary)- the right for women to vote and run for office

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Susan B. Anthony

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founded the National Women Suffrage Association and was arrested for casting an illegal vote. Significant because she pushed for women to gain the right to vote.

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National Women's Party

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Group of women who picketed the white house, held marches, preformed acts of civil disobedience and had hunger strikes. Significant because they played a role in persuading the government to give women the right to vote.

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Babe Ruth

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(revolutionary) Baseball player for the Boston Red Sox and New York Yankees. Brought attention to baseball as a recreational/fun activity.

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Harry Frazee

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(traditionalist) Owner of the Red Sox in 1919, also owned a playhouse. He sold Babe Ruth to the Yankees to fund his play. This shows how baseball grew in the 1920s by his decision to put a play over having the best baseball player of all-time on his team.

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1919 Black Sox

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(traditional) The 1919 Chicago White Sox threw the world series that year to make a portion of the money that the Chicago mafia won for betting against them. Many people only liked baseball pre-1920s because of the gambling aspect; when they found out baseball was \"corrupt\", the nation was very apathetic of baseball. Babe Ruth eventually brought them back.

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Charles Lindbergh

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an American Pilot. (Revolutionary.)

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Barnstormers

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(rev) Pilots who drove around in circles amusing people who went to fairs and circuses; Lindbergh was a barnstormer

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Guggenheim Tour

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Lindbergh visited over 40 countries and over 90 cities, he was a symbol of America's good will.

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KKK

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(traditional) Revived in the 1920s due to a mistrust in immigrants and foreign nations after World War 1. Dedicated to an idea of eugenics and creating a perfect, northern European, white, Anglo-Saxon Protestant society.

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Warren Harding

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29th President who succeeded Wilson and was a staunch isolationist. Sig. Expressed the country's lost faith in other nations and demonstrated that the US was no longer interested in imperialism or helping any country besides themselves and spurs on a new idea of nationalism.

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Immigration Act of 1924

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Strongly supported act limiting the number of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe to 2% per nation. Sig. Demonstrated the US setting up physical boundaries between themselves and other foreign nations and demonstrates the feeling of disliking immigrants and immigrant culture.

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Harlem Renaissance

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(revolutionary) A movement for black pride and racial equality. Also a cultural movement through jazz music, poetry depicting black life, and paintings. Mixing of African-American and White-European cultures.

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Langston Hughes

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(revolutionary) A black poet during the 1920s. Wrote about black life (culture, suffering, music, laughter.) Significant because it shows a mixing of cultures and breaking racial boundaries. Also shows a revolution in the arts: poems weren't about beauty and stupid stuff, they created colorful portrayals of life.

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Charles S. Johnson

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(revolutionary) A black editor of A Journal of Negro Life. and philanthropist during the 1920s. He promoted promising black artists in A Journal of Negro Life. Organized Civic Club dinner, where black artists met with wealthy white patrons. Shows how different races are mixing, challenging ideas of racism. Also shows revolution in media: black poets were being published, so all Americans could see their culture.

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The Red Scare

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(traditional) After WWI and the Bolshevik Revolution. A nation wide fear of communism, bolshevism and anarchism in America. Significant because it shows traditional ideas

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A Mitchell Palmer

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(traditional) He started the Palmer raids and his goal was to rid America of Communists. He thought they were going to overthrow the government. He is a great example of someone who had very traditional ideas

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Buford (Soviet Arc)

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(traditional) A ship that sent hundreds of Russians back to Russia because they were suspected for Communism. This is significant because it shows how traditional America was and how they really feared their country was going to be overthrown by Communists.

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Volstead Act

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(traditional) The Eighteenth Amendment, also known as the Volstead Act was the prevention by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol in the United States. Prohibition was traditional because it was created from anti-German sentiment but led to the revolutionary era of organized crime. Prohibition was a divided subject in the US. The Volstead Act is significant because it spawned the revolutionary era of organized crime.

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St. Valentines Day

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(revolutionary) a cold- blooded massacre of 7 disarmed members of a rival gang in which Al Capone was linked to. Al Capone and his gang was not convicted of the crime. This is significant because it shows the power that the gangs had over the police and the government. The police were bribed with alcohol (illegal) and money.

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Homebrew

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(revolutionary) Prohibition led to the illegal production of alcohol.Homebrew is home-made liquors that were very dangerous. In some cases the homebrew was extremely dangerous and caused death. Homebrew is significant because it went against the government and demonstrated revolutionary ideas.

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Henry Ford

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founded the ford motor company and started the automobile revolution

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Quadricycle

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had four wire wheels that looked like heavy bicycle wheels sig this is what really got Henry Ford started in the automobile business

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Model T

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created in 1908 first affordable car sig- because it was so affordable a lot of people were able to purchase which really started the automobile revolution

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Fordism

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techniques of assembly line production

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The gospel car

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(trad.) The gospel car was the nickname of Aimee McPherson's Packard convertible that featured religious slogans written on it. Aimee McPherson often used it as a pulpit, standing in the back seat delivering her sermons. It is significant because it shows how the revolution of the 1920s helped traditionalists to spread their ideas. In this case, the invention of the automobile allowed Aimee to preach and spread her faith around America in her aspirations to keep American traditions and religion alive.

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\"The Bridal Call\"

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(trad.) \"The Bridal Call\" was Aimee McPherson's magazine. Within her magazine, she discussed the role of women in the area of religion during the 1920's. This is significant because it shows the spread of American traditions and religion and it is also significant because it shows how Aimee McPherson was attempting to gain religious support from a group that, during the 20s and in the past, never played a predominant role (women).

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Marcus Garvey

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(revolutionary because he inspired ideas of black pride and supremacy, challenged the traditional idea which said that African Americans were beneath the whites)

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Black Star Steamship Line

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The steamship line founded by Garvey which was angled to help create a global African economy, separate from other races. The black star line was intended to eventually become the primary vehicle for transporting African Americans and other people of African decent back to Africa. Significant because it challenged the traditional idea that blacks could not utilize the same shipping lines as whites, and it also inspired black pride around the world.

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Negro Factories Corporation

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(rev) The organization which started factories which were owned and managed by only African Americans, and that only produced goods for the ideal global African community which Marcus Garvey envisioned. It was significant because it embodied the newly founded ideas of black pride which started in the 1920s, by breaking away from prejudice in factories and fighting for the best interest for the black community instead of only the white community.

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Scopes Monkey Trial

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(traditional/revolutionary) trial where Scopes was convicted for teaching evolution

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Butler Act

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Act that disallowed teaching evolution in schools - traditional Judge Rawlston - ruled in favor of Fundamentalists - shows conservative traditional beliefs in rural south regarding evolution

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The Jazz Singer

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first movie with spoken dialogue revolutionary

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Blackface

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entertainer paints face to imitate African Americans traditional racist values

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Jack Robbin

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character in the jazz singer - runs away from Jewish family- changes name to become jazz singer revolutionary - jazz singer instead of cantor

1920s Jazz Music Flashcards

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