10 Hallmarks of Cancer – Flashcards
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TEASE GRAID
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Tumor promoting inflammation
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T
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Evading growth suppressors
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E
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Avoiding immune destruction
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A
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Sustaining proliferative signals
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S
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Enabling replicative immortality
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E
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Genome instability/mutations
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G
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Resisting cell death
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R
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Activating invasion and metastasis
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A
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Inducing angiogenesis
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I
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Deregulation of cellular energetics
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D
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Macrophage activation and their production of IL-6 and TNF-a Drug: siltuximab (SYLVANT)
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*T*umor promoting inflammation
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Inactivation of Tumor Suppressor genes/ proteins ex. inactivate retinoblastoma suppressor Rb protein drugs: palbociclib (IBRANCE)
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*E*vading growth suppressors
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Cancer cells may evade immune destruction by disabling components of the immune system that have been dispatched to eliminate them. Ex. cancer cells may paralyze infiltrating CTLs and NK cells, by secreting TGF-b or other immunosuppressive factors. *drug*: LDC1267
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*A*voiding immune destruction
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Active oncogenes EGRF inhibitors and Ras *Drugs*: Panitumumab (VECTIBIX) and Cetuximab (ERBITUX)
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*S*ustaining proliferative signals
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Cancer cells reactive telomerase and become immortal *drug*: Imetelstat
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*E*nabling replicative immortality
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Endows cancer cells with genetic alterations that drive tumor progression *drug*: BMN 673
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*G*enome instability/mutations
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Cancer cells turn off apoptotic signals *drug*: ABT-737
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*R*esisting cell death
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Loss of E-cadherin at the outer membrane of cells *NO DRUGS*
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*A*ctivating invasion and metastasis
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New blood vessel growth *drugs*: bevacizumab (AVASTIN), Ziv-aflibercept (ZALTRAP), ramucirumab (CYRAMZA), Afatinib (GILOTRIF)
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*I*nducing angiogenesis
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Deregulating Cellular Energetics Cancer cells have the capability to modify, or reprogram, cellular metabolism in order to most effectively support cancer cell proliferation *drugs*: dichloroacetic acid (DCA)
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*D*eregulation of cellular energetics
